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Viewing cable 06KINSHASA134, OFDA VISIT TO NEW IDPS IN DUBIE, CENTRAL KATANGA
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| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 06KINSHASA134 | 2006-01-26 16:53 | 2011-08-25 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Kinshasa |
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.
UNCLAS KINSHASA 000134
SIPDIS
AIDAC
AID/W FOR DCHA/OFDA- MMARX, IMACNAIRN, MSHIRLEY
AID/W FOR DCHA/FFP- TANDERSON, NCOX, TMCRAE
AID/W FOR DCHA/OTI- RJENKINS, KHUBER
AID/W FOR AFR- KO'DONNELL, JBORNS
NAIROBI FOR USAID/OFDA/ARO- JMYER, ADWYER
NAIROBI FOR USAID/FFP- DSUTHER, ADEPREZ
USMISSION UN ROME FOR RNEWBERG
GENEVA FOR NYKLOH
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: EAID PREF PGOV MARR CG
SUBJECT: OFDA VISIT TO NEW IDPS IN DUBIE, CENTRAL KATANGA
-------
Summary
-------
¶1. In early December 2005, a new wave of internally
displaced persons (IDPs) began arriving in the small town
of Dubie in Pweto Territory in eastern Katanga as a result
of a FARDC military offensive against the forces of Mai
Mai leader Gedeon. By December 17, Dubie had received
10,000 new IDPs in addition to the 16,000 IDPs that had
fled Mai Mai activity in July 2005. Almost all are living
in camps, since the resident population of Dubie is of
different ethnicity than the IDPs. Basic needs of the
IDPs are currently being met, but food security activities
and income-generating activities are recommended for the
future since most IDPs will probably not return to their
home villages until the beginning of the dry season in
June-July. END SUMMARY
----------
Background
----------
¶2. (U) From December 15 to 17, OFDA Rep Victor Bushamuka
took part in a United Nations-led interagency mission to
assess the humanitarian situation in Dubie. Participating
agencies and organizations in this mission included
UNOCHA, WFP, UNICEF, MONUC, the International Organization
for Migration (IOM), the United Methodist Committee on
Relief (UMCOR), CARITAS, and the Association of Farmers
Without Borders (AASF). During the visit, the delegation
met with military and political authorities, humanitarian
actors in Dubie including MSF-Holland and the Catholic
mission, health and education authorities, new and old
IDPs, and also detained Mai Mai combatants.
¶3. (U) Dubie, a small town in Pweto Territory, is located
approximately 405 km northeast of Lubumbashi and 96 km
south of Pweto town in Katanga Province. Attacks on the
population by insurgent Mai Mai under the leadership of
Gedeon have been common in Pweto and the adjacent
territories of Mitwaba and Manono since 2003. Since
January 2005, however, the attacks have increased in
frequency and brutality, reportedly because Mai Mai
officers were unhappy at not having been offered
sufficiently responsible positions in the new national
army.
¶4. (U) In July 2005, Gedeon's group burned villages,
looted, raped women, and killed civilians in the Manono
and Mitwaba areas, and these attacks led to a mass
displacement of rural populations to forest areas near the
national park of Upemba and southward toward Dubie in
Pweto territory. An estimated 16,000 people reached Dubie
where they received assistance in non-food items from
UNICEF and food rations from WFP for the first three
months, basic healthcare from MSF-H, and seeds and tools
from UMCOR for some IDPs that managed to acquire land.
Those who fled instead to the forest were unable to later
reach Dubie or other secure points eastward since all
forest exit points were controlled by Mai Mai who
prevented people from leaving the area.
--------------------------------------------- ---
Changes in the situation beginning November 2005
--------------------------------------------- ---
¶5. (U) For most of 2005, the FARDC did little to bring
security to the region. However, in late November 2005,
FARDC launched an offensive on Mai Mai positions starting
from bases in Manono, Mitwaba and Dubie/Pweto. The Mai Mai
fled the area without strongly resisting the FARDC
advance. Some surrendered without fighting.
¶6. (U) The Mai Mai departure permitted many of the IDP
families that had been stranded in the forest since the
first half of 2005 to relocate and seek protection and
assistance in Dubie. These "new" IDPs started to arrive in
Dubie in early December and, by mid-month, 10,000 new
arrivals had been registered. They originated largely from
the localities of Nyemboakunda in Manono, Kyona Ngoyi in
Mitwaba, and Kyona Nzini and Mwenge in Pweto. These
displacements bring the IDP totals for Dubie up to
approximately 26,000 people. However, at the time of OFDA
Rep's visit, IDPs were still continuing to arrive at a
rate of 300 to 400 people per day.
¶7. (U) Newly arriving IDPs appeared exhausted. Some said
they had walked 100-150 km to reach Dubie. They brought
few belongings, and some were barely clothed, reflecting a
long and difficult existence in the forest. Once in Dubie,
they stay in three camps, rather than with host families,
as they are of a different ethnic group than the general
population of Dubie.
¶8. (U) Doctors Without Borders/Holland (MSF-H) provides
free health care to IDPs through Dubie Health Center. MSF-
H also supports the Dubie referral hospital in measles
vaccination efforts and manages a therapeutic feeding
center (TFC) located there for malnourished children. A
supplementary feeding center (SFC) in Dubie is run by the
Catholic Church and managed by nuns. The SFC receives
assistance in fortified corn mill from Anvil Mining, an
Australian mining company (listed on a Canadian stock
exchange) based in the area. However, the demand on these
programs has increased as a result of the arrival of the
new IDPS to the point where MSF-H and the Catholic Church
are unable to assist all that should normally be admitted.
¶9. (U) Non-food-items including blankets, plastic
sheeting, cooking pots, soap, and cups supplied by UNICEF
are being distributed by MSF-H. Stocks already in place
will cover up to 13,000 new IDPs.
¶10. (U) Food needs have not been sufficiently covered.
Althugh MSF-H distributes two-week supplies of BP5 hig
protein biscuits, it is clear that they are bein consumed
irectly after distribution. Almost al of the new IDPs
had been living in forest areasfor months before arriving
at Dubie and have no ood supplies. Some of the IDPs have
been able toarrange to receive small quantities of food
or moey from local residents in exchange for work.
Unortunately, these arrangements are highly exploitaive.
Food quantities paid are very small. Those eceiving cash
get only 100 Congolese Francs (20 ents) per day.
¶11. (U) At the time of OFDA Rep's visit, the World Food
Program (WFP) had already sent 109 tons of food from its
warehouses in Lubumbashi towards Dubie. The first 30 tons
arrived in Dubie the week following the visit, and the
remaining 79 tons had traveled as far as Kilwa, 100 km
southeast of Dubie. This first shipment is intended to
provide sufficient food for 13,000 IDPs for 1 month. WFP
is tentatively planning to maintain general food
distributions in Dubie for three months.
¶12. (U) Another serious need that has as yet not been
addressed is that of clothing. Most of the new IDPs are in
desperate need of clothing. CARITAS, however, has stated
that it will be able to distribute clothing to those most
in need.
------------------------------------
Relations between IDPs and residents
------------------------------------
¶13. (U) The IDPs are of Luba-Katanga ethnicity, while the
resident population of Dubie belongs mainly to the Bazela
group. Disagreements between the two groups have been
common since the early 70s and significant mutual distrust
lingers. The massive influx of Luba-Katanga IDPs into
Bazela territory has thus not been well received by the
local population. Relatively few IDPs have been hosted by
local families, leaving most no alternative but to stay in
the camps. Dubie residents have also in the past not
allowed IDP children to attend the same schools as their
own children, preferring to assist them to build a
separate school. Discussions are underway to build yet
another school for the newly arrived IDP community.
¶14. (U) Another consequence of the dislike between the
resident and IDP populations in Dubie is that very few IDP
families of those who arrived last July have been able to
secure any land for food production. Although USAID/OFDA-
supported INGO (UMCOR) has a program in that region which
assists IDPs and returnees with food security activities,
very few of the Dubie IDPs were able to participate in the
project during the last planting season due to their lack
of access to land. The situation is expected to be the
same for the new IDPs unless Dubie residents can be
convinced to rent out land for the next season. If the
land-access issue cannot be solved, UMCOR has plans to
assist the IDPs by instituting some income-generating
activities using USDA funding.
-------------------------
The IDPs and FARDC forces
-------------------------
¶15. (U) Upon arriving in Dubie, IDPs are first screened by
FARDC troops. Males over 10 years of age are separated
from females and young children. They are then asked to
identify themselves if they have been part of Gedeon's Mai
Mai movement. Those who come forward are requested to
identify others within the group who did not identify
themselves.
¶16. (U) After identifying possible Mai Mai combatants,
the FARDC officer in charge of screening asks for all
those who have been simply "baptized" by Gedeon to step
forward. (A common practice for Gedeon's troops is to go
to schools and pour water on teachers and students to
symbolize their introduction into the Mai Mai movement.)
At the time of OFDA Rep's visit, there were a total of 65
children identified as having been recruited in this
manner. Most said that they never joined Gedeon despite
being baptized and remained with their families. According
to military officials, all the presumed Mai Mai
combatants, including children, will be sent to Lubumbashi
to go through the demobilization and reintegration process
managed by the Commission Nationale de Demobilisation and
Reinsertion (CONADER).
¶17. (U) Despite the heavy presence of FARDC troops, there
is overall a peaceful cohabitation between soldiers and
civilians in Dubie, with civilians expressing relatively
few complaints about military presence and behavior.
However, it is not clear how long this harmony will last
as FARDC troops have not received salaries since they
arrived in the area three months ago and are beginning to
express resentment. FARDC soldiers also complained to OFDA
Rep of not having received food rations in three weeks.
There is a concern that FARDC will force IDPs to share
their WFP food once this is distributed.
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Prospects for IDP return
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¶18. (U) The situation is now calm in areas close to Dubie,
the Mai Mai being believed to have headed toward the
Upemba National Park. According to military commanders,
military operations are underway from Dubie to the
northwest towards Manono and to the west of Dubie towards
Mitwaba. The general in command of FARDC troops said that
his forces had already taken over many positions that used
to be controlled by Mai Mai. The General estimated that
calm will return and access to the area will be fully
reestablished by the end of January 2006. However, IDPs
with whom OFDA Rep spoke said they would not attempt a
return to their home villages until they received
confirmation that the problem of Gedeon and his followers
had been definitively resolved.
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Kizabi
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¶19. (U) Mai Mai forces also attacked the locality of
Kizabi in Pweto territory, burning several villages and
driving the population to flee to Kisabala, a village
located 30 km north of Pweto town. INGO IOM reports
having registered about 3500 IDPs from Kizabi in Kisabala.
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Recommendations
---------------
¶20. (U) Participants on this assessment mission will
recommend that CONADER officials travel to Dubie to
evaluate the situation of child Mai Mai in FARDC detention
before any forced separation from their families is
initiated.
¶21. (U) Participants also felt that it was important that
pressure be exerted on local authorities to make land for
crop cultivation accessible to the IDPs. IDPs will
probably not return to their villages until the dry season
starts in June-July. Food security and income generating
projects for IDP groups will be needed in the meantime to
reduce vulnerability to disease and malnutrition.
MEECE
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