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Viewing cable 06KINSHASA134, OFDA VISIT TO NEW IDPS IN DUBIE, CENTRAL KATANGA

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06KINSHASA134 2006-01-26 16:53 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Kinshasa
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.
UNCLAS  KINSHASA 000134 
 
SIPDIS 
 
 
AIDAC 
 
AID/W FOR DCHA/OFDA- MMARX, IMACNAIRN, MSHIRLEY 
AID/W FOR DCHA/FFP- TANDERSON, NCOX, TMCRAE 
AID/W FOR DCHA/OTI- RJENKINS, KHUBER 
AID/W FOR AFR- KO'DONNELL, JBORNS 
NAIROBI FOR USAID/OFDA/ARO- JMYER, ADWYER 
NAIROBI FOR USAID/FFP- DSUTHER, ADEPREZ 
USMISSION UN ROME FOR RNEWBERG 
GENEVA FOR NYKLOH 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: EAID PREF PGOV MARR CG
SUBJECT: OFDA VISIT TO NEW IDPS IN DUBIE, CENTRAL KATANGA 
 
 
------- 
Summary 
------- 
 
1. In early December 2005, a new wave of internally 
displaced persons (IDPs) began arriving in the small town 
of Dubie in Pweto Territory in eastern Katanga as a result 
of a FARDC military offensive against the forces of Mai 
Mai leader Gedeon.  By December 17, Dubie had received 
10,000 new IDPs in addition to the 16,000 IDPs that had 
fled Mai Mai activity in July 2005. Almost all are living 
in camps, since the resident population of Dubie is of 
different ethnicity than the IDPs.  Basic needs of the 
IDPs are currently being met, but food security activities 
and income-generating activities are recommended for the 
future since most IDPs will probably not return to their 
home villages until the beginning of the dry season in 
June-July.  END SUMMARY 
 
---------- 
Background 
---------- 
 
2. (U) From December 15 to 17, OFDA Rep Victor Bushamuka 
took part in a United Nations-led interagency mission to 
assess the humanitarian situation in Dubie. Participating 
agencies and organizations in this mission included 
UNOCHA, WFP, UNICEF, MONUC, the International Organization 
for Migration (IOM), the United Methodist Committee on 
Relief (UMCOR), CARITAS, and the Association of Farmers 
Without Borders (AASF). During the visit, the delegation 
met with military and political authorities, humanitarian 
actors in Dubie including MSF-Holland and the Catholic 
mission, health and education authorities, new and old 
IDPs, and also detained Mai Mai combatants. 
 
3. (U) Dubie, a small town in Pweto Territory, is located 
approximately 405 km northeast of Lubumbashi and 96 km 
south of Pweto town in Katanga Province. Attacks on the 
population by insurgent Mai Mai under the leadership of 
Gedeon have been common in Pweto and the adjacent 
territories of Mitwaba and Manono since 2003. Since 
January 2005, however, the attacks have increased in 
frequency and brutality, reportedly because Mai Mai 
officers were unhappy at not having been offered 
sufficiently responsible positions in the new national 
army. 
 
4. (U) In July 2005, Gedeon's group burned villages, 
looted, raped women, and killed civilians in the Manono 
and Mitwaba areas, and these attacks led to a mass 
displacement of rural populations to forest areas near the 
national park of Upemba and southward toward Dubie in 
Pweto territory. An estimated 16,000 people reached Dubie 
where they received assistance in non-food items from 
UNICEF and food rations from WFP for the first three 
months, basic healthcare from MSF-H, and seeds and tools 
from UMCOR for some IDPs that managed to acquire land. 
Those who fled instead to the forest were unable to later 
reach Dubie or other secure points eastward since all 
forest exit points were controlled by Mai Mai who 
prevented people from leaving the area. 
 
--------------------------------------------- --- 
Changes in the situation beginning November 2005 
--------------------------------------------- --- 
 
5. (U) For most of 2005, the FARDC did little to bring 
security to the region. However, in late November 2005, 
FARDC launched an offensive on Mai Mai positions starting 
from bases in Manono, Mitwaba and Dubie/Pweto. The Mai Mai 
fled the area without strongly resisting the FARDC 
advance. Some surrendered without fighting. 
 
6. (U) The Mai Mai departure permitted many of the IDP 
families that had been stranded in the forest since the 
first half of 2005 to relocate and seek protection and 
assistance in Dubie. These "new" IDPs started to arrive in 
Dubie in early December and, by mid-month, 10,000 new 
arrivals had been registered. They originated largely from 
the localities of Nyemboakunda in Manono, Kyona Ngoyi in 
Mitwaba, and Kyona Nzini and Mwenge in Pweto. These 
 
displacements bring the IDP totals for Dubie up to 
approximately 26,000 people. However, at the time of OFDA 
Rep's visit, IDPs were still continuing to arrive at a 
rate of 300 to 400 people per day. 
 
7. (U) Newly arriving IDPs appeared exhausted. Some said 
they had walked 100-150 km to reach Dubie. They brought 
few belongings, and some were barely clothed, reflecting a 
long and difficult existence in the forest. Once in Dubie, 
they stay in three camps, rather than with host families, 
as they are of a different ethnic group than the general 
population of Dubie. 
 
8.  (U) Doctors Without Borders/Holland (MSF-H) provides 
free health care to IDPs through Dubie Health Center. MSF- 
H also supports the Dubie referral hospital in measles 
vaccination efforts and manages a therapeutic feeding 
center (TFC) located there for malnourished children. A 
supplementary feeding center (SFC) in Dubie is run by the 
Catholic Church and managed by nuns. The SFC receives 
assistance in fortified corn mill from Anvil Mining, an 
Australian mining company (listed on a Canadian stock 
exchange) based in the area. However, the demand on these 
programs has increased as a result of the arrival of the 
new IDPS to the point where MSF-H and the Catholic Church 
are unable to assist all that should normally be admitted. 
 
9. (U) Non-food-items including blankets, plastic 
sheeting, cooking pots, soap, and cups supplied by UNICEF 
are being distributed by MSF-H. Stocks already in place 
will cover up to 13,000 new IDPs. 
 
10. (U) Food needs have not been sufficiently covered. 
Althugh MSF-H distributes two-week supplies of BP5 hig 
protein biscuits, it is clear that they are bein consumed 
irectly after distribution. Almost al of the new IDPs 
had been living in forest areasfor months before arriving 
at Dubie and have no ood supplies. Some of the IDPs have 
been able toarrange to receive small quantities of food 
or moey from local residents in exchange for work. 
Unortunately, these arrangements are highly exploitaive. 
Food quantities paid are very small. Those eceiving cash 
get only 100 Congolese Francs (20 ents) per day. 
 
11. (U) At the time of OFDA Rep's visit, the World Food 
Program (WFP) had already sent 109 tons of food from its 
warehouses in Lubumbashi towards Dubie. The first 30 tons 
arrived in Dubie the week following the visit, and the 
remaining 79 tons had traveled as far as Kilwa, 100 km 
southeast of Dubie. This first shipment is intended to 
provide sufficient food for 13,000 IDPs for 1 month. WFP 
is tentatively planning to maintain general food 
distributions in Dubie for three months. 
 
12. (U) Another serious need that has as yet not been 
addressed is that of clothing. Most of the new IDPs are in 
desperate need of clothing. CARITAS, however, has stated 
that it will be able to distribute clothing to those most 
in need. 
 
------------------------------------ 
Relations between IDPs and residents 
------------------------------------ 
 
13. (U) The IDPs are of Luba-Katanga ethnicity, while the 
resident population of Dubie belongs mainly to the Bazela 
group. Disagreements between the two groups have been 
common since the early 70s and significant mutual distrust 
lingers. The massive influx of Luba-Katanga IDPs into 
Bazela territory has thus not been well received by the 
local population. Relatively few IDPs have been hosted by 
local families, leaving most no alternative but to stay in 
the camps. Dubie residents have also in the past not 
allowed IDP children to attend the same schools as their 
own children, preferring to assist them to build a 
separate school. Discussions are underway to build yet 
another school for the newly arrived IDP community. 
 
14. (U) Another consequence of the dislike between the 
resident and IDP populations in Dubie is that very few IDP 
families of those who arrived last July have been able to 
secure any land for food production. Although USAID/OFDA- 
 
 
supported INGO (UMCOR) has a program in that region which 
assists IDPs and returnees with food security activities, 
very few of the Dubie IDPs were able to participate in the 
project during the last planting season due to their lack 
of access to land. The situation is expected to be the 
same for the new IDPs unless Dubie residents can be 
convinced to rent out land for the next season. If the 
land-access issue cannot be solved, UMCOR has plans to 
assist the IDPs by instituting some income-generating 
activities using USDA funding. 
 
------------------------- 
The IDPs and FARDC forces 
------------------------- 
 
15. (U) Upon arriving in Dubie, IDPs are first screened by 
FARDC troops. Males over 10 years of age are separated 
from females and young children. They are then asked to 
identify themselves if they have been part of Gedeon's Mai 
Mai movement. Those who come forward are requested to 
identify others within the group who did not identify 
themselves. 
 
16.  (U) After identifying possible Mai Mai combatants, 
the FARDC officer in charge of screening asks for all 
those who have been simply "baptized" by Gedeon to step 
forward. (A common practice for Gedeon's troops is to go 
to schools and pour water on teachers and students to 
symbolize their introduction into the Mai Mai movement.) 
At the time of OFDA Rep's visit, there were a total of 65 
children identified as having been recruited in this 
manner. Most said that they never joined Gedeon despite 
being baptized and remained with their families. According 
to military officials, all the presumed Mai Mai 
combatants, including children, will be sent to Lubumbashi 
to go through the demobilization and reintegration process 
managed by the Commission Nationale de Demobilisation and 
Reinsertion (CONADER). 
 
17. (U) Despite the heavy presence of FARDC troops, there 
is overall a peaceful cohabitation between soldiers and 
civilians in Dubie, with civilians expressing relatively 
few complaints about military presence and behavior. 
However, it is not clear how long this harmony will last 
as FARDC troops have not received salaries since they 
arrived in the area three months ago and are beginning to 
express resentment. FARDC soldiers also complained to OFDA 
Rep of not having received food rations in three weeks. 
There is a concern that FARDC will force IDPs to share 
their WFP food once this is distributed. 
 
------------------------ 
Prospects for IDP return 
------------------------ 
 
18. (U) The situation is now calm in areas close to Dubie, 
the Mai Mai being believed to have headed toward the 
Upemba National Park. According to military commanders, 
military operations are underway from Dubie to the 
northwest towards Manono and to the west of Dubie towards 
Mitwaba. The general in command of FARDC troops said that 
his forces had already taken over many positions that used 
to be controlled by Mai Mai. The General estimated that 
calm will return and access to the area will be fully 
reestablished by the end of January 2006. However, IDPs 
with whom OFDA Rep spoke said they would not attempt a 
return to their home villages until they received 
confirmation that the problem of Gedeon and his followers 
had been definitively resolved. 
 
----- 
Kizabi 
------ 
 
19. (U) Mai Mai forces also attacked the locality of 
Kizabi in Pweto territory, burning several villages and 
driving the population to flee to Kisabala, a village 
located 30 km north of Pweto town.  INGO IOM reports 
having registered about 3500 IDPs from Kizabi in Kisabala. 
 
--------------- 
Recommendations 
 
--------------- 
 
20. (U) Participants on this assessment mission will 
recommend that CONADER officials travel to Dubie to 
evaluate the situation of child Mai Mai in FARDC detention 
before any forced separation from their families is 
initiated. 
 
21. (U) Participants also felt that it was important that 
pressure be exerted on local authorities to make land for 
crop cultivation accessible to the IDPs. IDPs will 
probably not return to their villages until the dry season 
starts in June-July. Food security and income generating 
projects for IDP groups will be needed in the meantime to 
reduce vulnerability to disease and malnutrition. 
MEECE 
 
 
NNNN