Keep Us Strong WikiLeaks logo

Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287

Articles

Browse latest releases

Browse by creation date

Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ETRD EAGR ETTC EAID ECON EFIN ECIN EINV ELAB EAIR ENRG EPET EWWT ECPS EIND EMIN ELTN EC ETMIN EUC EZ ET ELECTIONS ENVR EU EUN EG EINT ER ECONOMICS ES EMS ENIV EEB EN ECE ECOSOC EK ENVIRONMENT EFIS EI EWT ENGRD ECPSN EXIM EIAD ERIN ECPC EDEV ENGY ECTRD EPA ESTH ECCT EINVECON ENGR ERTD EUR EAP EWWC ELTD EL EXIMOPIC EXTERNAL ETRDEC ESCAP ECO EGAD ELNT ECONOMIC ENV ETRN EIAR EUMEM ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID EREL ECOM ECONETRDEAGRJA ETCC ETRG ECONOMY EMED ETR ENERG EITC EFINOECD EURM EENG ERA EXPORT ENRD ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC EGEN EBRD EVIN ETRAD ECOWAS EFTA ECONETRDBESPAR EGOVSY EPIN EID ECONENRG EDRC ESENV ETT EB ENER ELTNSNAR ECHEVARRIA ETRC EPIT EDUC ESA EFI ENRGY ESCI EE EAIDXMXAXBXFFR EETC ECIP EIAID EIVN EBEXP ESTN EING EGOV ETRA EPETEIND ELAN ETRDGK EAIDRW ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS EPEC ENVI ELN EAG EPCS EPRT EPTED ETRB EUM EAIDS EFIC EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM EAIDAR ESF EIDN ELAM EDU EV EAIDAF ECN EDA EXBS EINTECPS ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ EPREL EAC EINVEFIN ETA EAGER EINDIR ECA ECLAC ELAP EITI EUCOM ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID EARG ELDIN EINVKSCA ENNP EFINECONCS EFINTS ECCP ETC EAIRASECCASCID EINN ETRP EAIDNI EFQ ECOQKPKO EGPHUM EBUD ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ ENERGY ELB EINDETRD EMI ECONEFIN EIB EURN ETRDEINVTINTCS EIN EFIM ETIO ELAINE EMN EATO EWTR EIPR EINVETC ETTD ETDR EIQ ECONCS EPPD ENRGIZ EISL ESPINOSA ELEC EAIG ESLCO EUREM ENTG ERD EINVECONSENVCSJA EEPET EUNCH ECINECONCS ETRO ETRDECONWTOCS ECUN EFND EPECO EAIRECONRP ERGR ETRDPGOV ECPN ENRGMO EPWR EET EAIS EAGRE EDUARDO EAGRRP EAIDPHUMPRELUG EICN ECONQH EVN EGHG ELBR EINF EAIDHO EENV ETEX ERNG ED
KMDR KPAO KPKO KJUS KCRM KGHG KFRD KWMN KDEM KTFN KHIV KGIC KIDE KSCA KNNP KHUM KIPR KSUM KISL KIRF KCOR KRCM KPAL KWBG KN KS KOMC KSEP KFLU KPWR KTIA KSEO KMPI KHLS KICC KSTH KMCA KVPR KPRM KE KU KZ KFLO KSAF KTIP KTEX KBCT KOCI KOLY KOR KAWC KACT KUNR KTDB KSTC KLIG KSKN KNN KCFE KCIP KGHA KHDP KPOW KUNC KDRL KV KPREL KCRS KPOL KRVC KRIM KGIT KWIR KT KIRC KOMO KRFD KUWAIT KG KFIN KSCI KTFIN KFTN KGOV KPRV KSAC KGIV KCRIM KPIR KSOC KBIO KW KGLB KMWN KPO KFSC KSEAO KSTCPL KSI KPRP KREC KFPC KUNH KCSA KMRS KNDP KR KICCPUR KPPAO KCSY KTBT KCIS KNEP KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KNNB KGCC KINR KPOP KMFO KENV KNAR KVIR KDRG KDMR KFCE KNAO KDEN KGCN KICA KIMMITT KMCC KLFU KMSG KSEC KUM KCUL KMNP KSMT KCOM KOMCSG KSPR KPMI KRAD KIND KCRP KAUST KWAWC KTER KCHG KRDP KPAS KITA KTSC KPAOPREL KWGB KIRP KJUST KMIG KLAB KTFR KSEI KSTT KAPO KSTS KLSO KWNN KPOA KHSA KNPP KPAONZ KBTS KWWW KY KJRE KPAOKMDRKE KCRCM KSCS KWMNCI KESO KWUN KPLS KIIP KEDEM KPAOY KRIF KGICKS KREF KTRD KFRDSOCIRO KTAO KJU KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW KEN KO KNEI KEMR KKIV KEAI KWAC KRCIM KWCI KFIU KWIC KCORR KOMS KNNO KPAI KBWG KTTB KTBD KTIALG KILS KFEM KTDM KESS KNUC KPA KOMCCO KCEM KRCS KWBGSY KNPPIS KNNPMNUC KWN KERG KLTN KALM KCCP KSUMPHUM KREL KGH KLIP KTLA KAWK KWMM KVRP KVRC KAID KSLG KDEMK KX KIF KNPR KCFC KFTFN KTFM KPDD KCERS KMOC KDEMAF KMEPI KEMS KDRM KEPREL KBTR KEDU KNP KIRL KNNR KMPT KISLPINR KTPN KA KJUSTH KPIN KDEV KTDD KAKA KFRP KWNM KTSD KINL KJUSKUNR KWWMN KECF KWBC KPRO KVBL KOM KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KEDM KFLD KLPM KRGY KNNF KICR KIFR KM KWMNCS KAWS KLAP KPAK KDDG KCGC KID KNSD KMPF KPFO KDP KCMR KRMS KNPT KNNNP KTIAPARM KDTB KNUP KPGOV KNAP KNNC KUK KSRE KREISLER KIVP KQ KTIAEUN KPALAOIS KRM KISLAO KWM KFLOA
PHUM PINR PTER PGOV PREL PREF PL PM PHSA PE PARM PINS PK PUNE PO PALESTINIAN PU PBTS PROP PTBS POL POLI PA PGOVZI POLMIL POLITICAL PARTIES POLM PD POLITICS POLICY PAS PMIL PINT PNAT PV PKO PPOL PERSONS PING PBIO PH PETR PARMS PRES PCON PETERS PRELBR PT PLAB PP PAK PDEM PKPA PSOCI PF PLO PTERM PJUS PSOE PELOSI PROPERTY PGOVPREL PARP PRL PNIR PHUMKPAL PG PREZ PGIC PBOV PAO PKK PROV PHSAK PHUMPREL PROTECTION PGOVBL PSI PRELPK PGOVENRG PUM PRELKPKO PATTY PSOC PRIVATIZATION PRELSP PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PMIG PREC PAIGH PROG PSHA PARK PETER POG PHUS PPREL PS PTERPREL PRELPGOV POV PKPO PGOVECON POUS PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN PWBG PMAR PREM PAR PNR PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO PARMIR PGOVGM PHUH PARTM PN PRE PTE PY POLUN PPEL PDOV PGOVSOCI PIRF PGOVPM PBST PRELEVU PGOR PBTSRU PRM PRELKPAOIZ PGVO PERL PGOC PAGR PMIN PHUMR PVIP PPD PGV PRAM PINL PKPAL PTERE PGOF PINO PHAS PODC PRHUM PHUMA PREO PPA PEPFAR PGO PRGOV PAC PRESL PORG PKFK PEPR PRELP PREFA PNG PGOVPHUMKPAO PRELECON PINOCHET PFOR PGOVLO PHUMBA PRELC PREK PHUME PHJM POLINT PGOVPZ PGOVKCRM PGOVE PHALANAGE PARTY PECON PEACE PROCESS PLN PRELSW PAHO PEDRO PRELA PASS PPAO PGPV PNUM PCUL PGGV PSA PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PGIV PRFE POGOV PEL PBT PAMQ PINF PSEPC POSTS PHUMPGOV PVOV PHSAPREL PROLIFERATION PENA PRELTBIOBA PIN PRELL PGOVPTER PHAM PHYTRP PTEL PTERPGOV PHARM PROTESTS PRELAF PKBL PRELKPAO PKNP PARMP PHUML PFOV PERM PUOS PRELGOV PHUMPTER PARAGRAPH PERURENA PBTSEWWT PCI PETROL PINSO PINSCE PQL PEREZ PBS

Browse by classification

Community resources

courage is contagious

Viewing cable 05BRASILIA1325, BRAZILIAN INDIANS DEMAND RIGHTS, FAULT GOB FOR

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs

Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
  • The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
  • The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
  • The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.

Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #05BRASILIA1325.
Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
05BRASILIA1325 2005-05-18 19:19 2011-07-11 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Brasilia
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 BRASILIA 001325 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PNAT SOCI BR TIP
SUBJECT: BRAZILIAN INDIANS DEMAND RIGHTS, FAULT GOB FOR 
POOR INDIGENOUS POLICIES 
 
REF: A. BRASILIA 941 
 
     B. BRASILIA 985 
     C. BRASILIA 1000 
 
1. (U) Summary.  In his September 2002 "Commitment to the 
Indigenous Peoples of Brazil," then-candidate Lula da Silva 
recognized past GOB policy errors on indigenous issues and 
pledged to create "a coherent indigenous policy" to address 
land and other human rights issues.  During Lula's first two 
and a half years in office, however, there have been no 
indications that his administration has created a coherent 
nationwide policy to address indigenous needs.  A number of 
eligible areas await demarcation to become indigenous 
territory but problems within the GOB's National Indian 
Foundation (FUNAI) have made it difficult to process claims 
quickly.  The "Indigenous April" campaign and a recently 
published Amnesty International (AI) report criticized the 
GOB's lack of a clear indigenous policy and its failure to 
demarcate land.  End Summary. 
 
The Demarcation Process and Indigenous Rights to Land 
--------------------------------------------- -------- 
2. (U) Approximately 400,000 indigenous people from 215 
different "nations" live in Brazil.  Although the Brazilian 
indigenous population makes up .03% of the population, they 
are constitutionally entitled to 11% of the land.  The 1988 
Constitution guarantees indigenous people the right to live 
on or own land they traditionally occupied before the 
formation of the Brazilian state or government. 
 
3. (U) The process to turn land into an indigenous reserve, 
or demarcation, requires that anthropologists and surveyors 
verify that indigenous people have historically occupied an 
area.  The demarcation process is laboriously slow and it 
usually takes years, if not decades, to settle a claim.  In 
public documents, the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI), 
which is responsible for coordinating GOB indigenous policy, 
admits that there are problems within the bureaucratic 
process but claims that underfunding, understaffing, 
corruption, and internal conflicts make it difficult to 
quickly process claims. 
 
4. (U) The GOB has declared that 580 that indigenous 
territories are eligible for demarcation under the 1988 
Constitution.  Of these, 340 are awaiting "ratification" 
while an additional 139 territories need "verification," two 
different steps in the long process.  Justice Minister Marcio 
Thomaz Bastos pledged to complete the demarcation process for 
the remaining 139 territories before the end of 2006.  Given 
the lengthy demarcation process and the GOB's past history on 
demarcation, representatives from the Forum in Defense of 
Indigenous Rights (FDDI), a group consisting of seven 
different indigenous and pro-indigenous rights organizations, 
doubt that GOB will meet this goal.  (Note:  On April 18, 
President Lula signed a decree to create Raposa Serra Do Sol, 
an Amazonian Indian reserve, in northern Brazil.  Post will 
report septel.  End Note) 
 
"Indigenous April" 
------------------ 
5. (U) The FDDI launched "Indigenous April," a month long 
nationwide indigenous rights campaign to criticize the GOB's 
lack of a clear indigenous policy and its failure to quickly 
demarcate land.  In a number of public forums and press 
releases, indigenous leaders announced that "President Lula 
was one of the worst Presidents to guarantee indigenous 
rights since the end of the military regime in 1985," and 
faulted Lula's administration for demarcating the least 
amount of indigenous land since the end of military rule in 
1985.  They further demanded an immediate end to violence and 
access to food, health care, and other social services on 
reservations. 
 
6. (U) During the month, indigenous leaders released a 
"Manifesto Against the Indian Policy of the Government" to 
demand that the GOB create a National Council for Indigenous 
Policies and immediately demarcate eleven pending claims. 
The Manifesto further declared that the GOB is an 
"anti-indigenous government" that "offers privileges to 
colonial and non-indigenous cultures" during demarcation and 
other judicial proceedings. 
 
7. (U) On April 19, in celebration of Indigenous Peoples Day, 
Lula asked for "patience" from indigenous people while FUNAI 
worked to improve living conditions and demarcate land.  Lula 
declared that his "moral promise" to the indigenous 
population not only included land demarcation, but the 
creation of social programs on indigenous reservations and 
communities as well.  Justice Minister Bastos relayed Lula's 
comments but went a step further by asking for forgiveness 
from the indigenous community for the treatment they have 
received from the GOB throughout history.  Indigenous April 
ended with a week long sit-in on the main Esplanade in 
Brasilia, Federal District from April 24 to May 3. 
 
AI Report on Indigenous Living Conditions 
----------------------------------------- 
8. (U) Amnesty International (AI) recently published a report 
entitled "Foreigners in our Own Country: Indigenous Peoples 
in Brazil" that criticized the GOB's lack of a clear 
indigenous policy and assessed living conditions among 
Brazil's indigenous population.  In the report, AI stated 
that indigenous people continue to be victims of attacks, 
killings, and other forms of discrimination and the GOB has 
failed to meet its international and constitutional 
obligations.  The report supported indigenous claims that 
GOB's failure to demarcate indigenous territories and the 
slow demarcation process contributed to violence, racial 
discrimination, and other human rights abuses.  In 
territories where federal protection was needed, the GOB has 
failed to take action despite warnings from the OAS and other 
international organizations, AI reported. 
 
9. (U) According to AI, living conditions on reservations and 
other indigenous communities are plagued with malnutrition, 
poor health care, violence, alcoholism, and suicide.  Infant 
mortality rates have increased sharply this year.  AI and the 
indigenous community blamed the GOB for the malnutrition 
deaths of 21 Guarani-Kaiowa indigenous children living on 
reservations since January.  (Note: Sao Paulo will provide 
more information septel.  End note.)  The Brazilian National 
Health Foundation (FUNASA) accredited the high infant 
mortality rate to structural social and economic problems 
within the Guarani-Kaiowa community and their inability to 
access indigenous lands.  FUNAI blamed the deaths on an 
increase in the number of births on the Guarani-Kaiowa 
reservation. 
 
10. (U) In response to AI's report, the GOB admitted that it 
had been negligent in protecting indigenous rights but had 
made progress on its indigenous policies.  The GOB noted that 
Lula has recognized 43 indigenous territories and reserved 
12% of Brazil's territory for indigenous reserves since he 
took power in 2003.  Indigenous Missionary Council 
Vice-President Saulo Freitosa refuted this claim and 
presented documents to the media to show that since 2003, the 
GOB has only recognized 13 Indian ancestral lands, not 43. 
(Note: The Indigenous Missionary Council is an Indigenous 
Rights NGO sponsored by the Catholic Church.  End note.) 
 
Comment 
------- 
11. (SBU) Indigenous April demonstrated the high degree of 
frustration in the indigenous community with sub-standard 
living conditions on reservations, and with the GOB's 
lumbering pace in the demarcation of land.  AI's report 
offered further proof that Brazil's indigenous population 
deserves more attention from the GOB.  Without more political 
and economic clout, however, it remains to be seen whether 
Brazil's indigenous population will ever receive the land and 
other entitlements they are guaranteed under the 1988 
Constitution. 
 
DANILOVICH