Keep Us Strong WikiLeaks logo

Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287

Articles

Browse latest releases

Browse by creation date

Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ETRD EAGR ETTC EAID ECON EFIN ECIN EINV ELAB EAIR ENRG EPET EWWT ECPS EIND EMIN ELTN EC ETMIN EUC EZ ET ELECTIONS ENVR EU EUN EG EINT ER ECONOMICS ES EMS ENIV EEB EN ECE ECOSOC EK ENVIRONMENT EFIS EI EWT ENGRD ECPSN EXIM EIAD ERIN ECPC EDEV ENGY ECTRD EPA ESTH ECCT EINVECON ENGR ERTD EUR EAP EWWC ELTD EL EXIMOPIC EXTERNAL ETRDEC ESCAP ECO EGAD ELNT ECONOMIC ENV ETRN EIAR EUMEM ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID EREL ECOM ECONETRDEAGRJA ETCC ETRG ECONOMY EMED ETR ENERG EITC EFINOECD EURM EENG ERA EXPORT ENRD ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC EGEN EBRD EVIN ETRAD ECOWAS EFTA ECONETRDBESPAR EGOVSY EPIN EID ECONENRG EDRC ESENV ETT EB ENER ELTNSNAR ECHEVARRIA ETRC EPIT EDUC ESA EFI ENRGY ESCI EE EAIDXMXAXBXFFR EETC ECIP EIAID EIVN EBEXP ESTN EING EGOV ETRA EPETEIND ELAN ETRDGK EAIDRW ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS EPEC ENVI ELN EAG EPCS EPRT EPTED ETRB EUM EAIDS EFIC EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM EAIDAR ESF EIDN ELAM EDU EV EAIDAF ECN EDA EXBS EINTECPS ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ EPREL EAC EINVEFIN ETA EAGER EINDIR ECA ECLAC ELAP EITI EUCOM ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID EARG ELDIN EINVKSCA ENNP EFINECONCS EFINTS ECCP ETC EAIRASECCASCID EINN ETRP EAIDNI EFQ ECOQKPKO EGPHUM EBUD ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ ENERGY ELB EINDETRD EMI ECONEFIN EIB EURN ETRDEINVTINTCS EIN EFIM ETIO ELAINE EMN EATO EWTR EIPR EINVETC ETTD ETDR EIQ ECONCS EPPD ENRGIZ EISL ESPINOSA ELEC EAIG ESLCO EUREM ENTG ERD EINVECONSENVCSJA EEPET EUNCH ECINECONCS ETRO ETRDECONWTOCS ECUN EFND EPECO EAIRECONRP ERGR ETRDPGOV ECPN ENRGMO EPWR EET EAIS EAGRE EDUARDO EAGRRP EAIDPHUMPRELUG EICN ECONQH EVN EGHG ELBR EINF EAIDHO EENV ETEX ERNG ED
KMDR KPAO KPKO KJUS KCRM KGHG KFRD KWMN KDEM KTFN KHIV KGIC KIDE KSCA KNNP KHUM KIPR KSUM KISL KIRF KCOR KRCM KPAL KWBG KN KS KOMC KSEP KFLU KPWR KTIA KSEO KMPI KHLS KICC KSTH KMCA KVPR KPRM KE KU KZ KFLO KSAF KTIP KTEX KBCT KOCI KOLY KOR KAWC KACT KUNR KTDB KSTC KLIG KSKN KNN KCFE KCIP KGHA KHDP KPOW KUNC KDRL KV KPREL KCRS KPOL KRVC KRIM KGIT KWIR KT KIRC KOMO KRFD KUWAIT KG KFIN KSCI KTFIN KFTN KGOV KPRV KSAC KGIV KCRIM KPIR KSOC KBIO KW KGLB KMWN KPO KFSC KSEAO KSTCPL KSI KPRP KREC KFPC KUNH KCSA KMRS KNDP KR KICCPUR KPPAO KCSY KTBT KCIS KNEP KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KNNB KGCC KINR KPOP KMFO KENV KNAR KVIR KDRG KDMR KFCE KNAO KDEN KGCN KICA KIMMITT KMCC KLFU KMSG KSEC KUM KCUL KMNP KSMT KCOM KOMCSG KSPR KPMI KRAD KIND KCRP KAUST KWAWC KTER KCHG KRDP KPAS KITA KTSC KPAOPREL KWGB KIRP KJUST KMIG KLAB KTFR KSEI KSTT KAPO KSTS KLSO KWNN KPOA KHSA KNPP KPAONZ KBTS KWWW KY KJRE KPAOKMDRKE KCRCM KSCS KWMNCI KESO KWUN KPLS KIIP KEDEM KPAOY KRIF KGICKS KREF KTRD KFRDSOCIRO KTAO KJU KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW KEN KO KNEI KEMR KKIV KEAI KWAC KRCIM KWCI KFIU KWIC KCORR KOMS KNNO KPAI KBWG KTTB KTBD KTIALG KILS KFEM KTDM KESS KNUC KPA KOMCCO KCEM KRCS KWBGSY KNPPIS KNNPMNUC KWN KERG KLTN KALM KCCP KSUMPHUM KREL KGH KLIP KTLA KAWK KWMM KVRP KVRC KAID KSLG KDEMK KX KIF KNPR KCFC KFTFN KTFM KPDD KCERS KMOC KDEMAF KMEPI KEMS KDRM KEPREL KBTR KEDU KNP KIRL KNNR KMPT KISLPINR KTPN KA KJUSTH KPIN KDEV KTDD KAKA KFRP KWNM KTSD KINL KJUSKUNR KWWMN KECF KWBC KPRO KVBL KOM KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KEDM KFLD KLPM KRGY KNNF KICR KIFR KM KWMNCS KAWS KLAP KPAK KDDG KCGC KID KNSD KMPF KPFO KDP KCMR KRMS KNPT KNNNP KTIAPARM KDTB KNUP KPGOV KNAP KNNC KUK KSRE KREISLER KIVP KQ KTIAEUN KPALAOIS KRM KISLAO KWM KFLOA
PHUM PINR PTER PGOV PREL PREF PL PM PHSA PE PARM PINS PK PUNE PO PALESTINIAN PU PBTS PROP PTBS POL POLI PA PGOVZI POLMIL POLITICAL PARTIES POLM PD POLITICS POLICY PAS PMIL PINT PNAT PV PKO PPOL PERSONS PING PBIO PH PETR PARMS PRES PCON PETERS PRELBR PT PLAB PP PAK PDEM PKPA PSOCI PF PLO PTERM PJUS PSOE PELOSI PROPERTY PGOVPREL PARP PRL PNIR PHUMKPAL PG PREZ PGIC PBOV PAO PKK PROV PHSAK PHUMPREL PROTECTION PGOVBL PSI PRELPK PGOVENRG PUM PRELKPKO PATTY PSOC PRIVATIZATION PRELSP PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PMIG PREC PAIGH PROG PSHA PARK PETER POG PHUS PPREL PS PTERPREL PRELPGOV POV PKPO PGOVECON POUS PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN PWBG PMAR PREM PAR PNR PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO PARMIR PGOVGM PHUH PARTM PN PRE PTE PY POLUN PPEL PDOV PGOVSOCI PIRF PGOVPM PBST PRELEVU PGOR PBTSRU PRM PRELKPAOIZ PGVO PERL PGOC PAGR PMIN PHUMR PVIP PPD PGV PRAM PINL PKPAL PTERE PGOF PINO PHAS PODC PRHUM PHUMA PREO PPA PEPFAR PGO PRGOV PAC PRESL PORG PKFK PEPR PRELP PREFA PNG PGOVPHUMKPAO PRELECON PINOCHET PFOR PGOVLO PHUMBA PRELC PREK PHUME PHJM POLINT PGOVPZ PGOVKCRM PGOVE PHALANAGE PARTY PECON PEACE PROCESS PLN PRELSW PAHO PEDRO PRELA PASS PPAO PGPV PNUM PCUL PGGV PSA PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PGIV PRFE POGOV PEL PBT PAMQ PINF PSEPC POSTS PHUMPGOV PVOV PHSAPREL PROLIFERATION PENA PRELTBIOBA PIN PRELL PGOVPTER PHAM PHYTRP PTEL PTERPGOV PHARM PROTESTS PRELAF PKBL PRELKPAO PKNP PARMP PHUML PFOV PERM PUOS PRELGOV PHUMPTER PARAGRAPH PERURENA PBTSEWWT PCI PETROL PINSO PINSCE PQL PEREZ PBS

Browse by classification

Community resources

courage is contagious

Viewing cable 04ANKARA5661, TURKISH TEXTILE AND APPAREL PRODUCTION AND

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs

Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
  • The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
  • The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
  • The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.

Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #04ANKARA5661.
Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
04ANKARA5661 2004-10-01 14:19 2011-08-24 01:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Ankara
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 ANKARA 005661 
 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT FOR EB/TPP/ABT - EDWARD HEARTNEY 
COMMERCE FOR ITA/OTEXA/MARIA D'ANDREA 
 
SENSITIVE 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: ETRD EIND KTEX TU
SUBJECT:  TURKISH TEXTILE AND APPAREL PRODUCTION AND 
EMPLOYMENT DATA 
 
Ref: (A) STATE 184238 (B) ADANA 112 
 
SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED.  PLEASE HANDLE ACCORDINGLY. 
 
1. (U)  Ref A requested data on Turkish textile and 
apparel employment and production data for country 
beneficiaries of U.S. trade preference programs.  The 
GOT and Turkey's leading business association in these 
sectors provided conflicting statistics, in part due to 
the large share of the informal economy in textile and 
apparel manufacturing. 
 
2. (U) According to the General Secretariat of Istanbul 
Textile and Apparel Exporter's Association (IHKIB) and 
the Foreign Trade Undersecretariat (FTU), Turkey's 
total textile and apparel production will reach USD 30 
billion in 2004.  Of this, USD 24 billion is expected 
to be sold abroad.  Of the USD 24 billion, USD 18.5 
billion is sold as official exports, while the balance 
consists of unregistered "suitcase" trade with 
countries of the former Soviet Union. 
 
3. (U) A Turkish Foreign Trade Undersecretariat 
official told us that the textile and apparel industry 
accounts for 13.5 percent of GNP and 18.7 percent of 
manufacturing production.  These sectors' share is 11 
percent of total employment and 30 percent of 
manufacturing sector employment.  The sectors' share in 
total exports is 33.2 percent.  IHKIB states that the 
textiles and apparel sectors account for 10.6 percent 
of the Turkish GDP, 20 percent of industrial 
production, 21 percent of the manufacturing labor 
force, and 37 percent of Turkey's total exports. 
(Note:  the official total employment figure is 19.9 
million.  End Note.) 
 
4. (U) In 2003, Turkey's textile and apparel exports to 
the U.S. were USD 1.7 billion, or 3.6 percent of total 
exports (USD 47.1 billion). Turkey's textile and 
apparel exports to the U.S. account for 12 percent of 
its total textile and apparel exports. According to the 
IHKIB, which publishes the sector's trade data monthly, 
Turkey is the 19th-largest apparel supplier to the U.S. 
market, with a 1.8 percent share, and the 10th-largest 
textile supplier, with 2.9 percent share. 
 
5. (U) Turkey is also the second-largest apparel 
supplier to the EU market, with a market share of 11.6 
percent, and the fifth-largest textile supplier to the 
EU, with an eight percent market share.  The EU's share 
in Turkey's total textile and apparel exports was 64.7 
percent (USD 9.6 billion) in 2003 or 20.4 percent of 
Turkey's total exports.  ITKIB claims Turkey will lose 
30 percent of its EU market share after 2005, whereas 
FTU estimates a loss of about 20 percent. 
 
6. (U) IHKB contends that removal of quotas will cause 
1 million workers to lose their jobs in Turkey, with 
annual export losses forecasted at USD 6 billion. 
Turkish exporters have lobbied to delay removal of 
quotas to 2008, and had received the support of 
industry associations in 52 countries so far, including 
in the U.S. 
 
7. (SBU) FTU officials have told us that, while the GOT 
sympathizes with the position taken in the Istanbul 
Initiative, it has not officially endorsed a delay in 
removal of quotas. 
 
8. (U) Embassy's points of contact on textile issues 
are Economic Officer Aldo Sirotic and Economic 
Specialist Defne Sadiklar.  Both can be reached at 
telephone 90 312 455-5555. 
 
Comment 
------- 
 
9. (U) Sector-based employment data is difficult to 
obtain in Turkey. The National Statistics Institute 
(DIE) releases general employment data on a quarterly 
basis. Its statistical methods are being questioned by 
international organizations such as the IMF and the 
World Bank. For sectoral employment data, post usually 
refers to business organizations' reports like the 
IHKIB's. 
 
10. (U) Turkey's gray economy is large - by some 
estimates as large as the formal economy.  The textiles 
and apparel industries depend on low-wage labor and a 
significant portion of the industry is outside the 
formal economy.  While intensified competition may lead 
to job losses reflected in official statistics, it is 
likely that at least some of these jobs will shift from 
the formal to informal economy. 
 
11. (U) In the Turkish business community, there is a 
very wide range of opinion as to the effect of fully 
integrating textiles and apparel into the WTO system, 
ranging from dire warnings of as many as two million 
jobs to be lost to others which believe that the impact 
will be much more limited.  Embassy will report further 
on these prognoses in conjunction with the end of the 
quota system. 
EDELMAN