Keep Us Strong WikiLeaks logo

Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287

Articles

Browse latest releases

Browse by creation date

Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ETRD EAGR ETTC EAID ECON EFIN ECIN EINV ELAB EAIR ENRG EPET EWWT ECPS EIND EMIN ELTN EC ETMIN EUC EZ ET ELECTIONS ENVR EU EUN EG EINT ER ECONOMICS ES EMS ENIV EEB EN ECE ECOSOC EK ENVIRONMENT EFIS EI EWT ENGRD ECPSN EXIM EIAD ERIN ECPC EDEV ENGY ECTRD EPA ESTH ECCT EINVECON ENGR ERTD EUR EAP EWWC ELTD EL EXIMOPIC EXTERNAL ETRDEC ESCAP ECO EGAD ELNT ECONOMIC ENV ETRN EIAR EUMEM ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID EREL ECOM ECONETRDEAGRJA ETCC ETRG ECONOMY EMED ETR ENERG EITC EFINOECD EURM EENG ERA EXPORT ENRD ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC EGEN EBRD EVIN ETRAD ECOWAS EFTA ECONETRDBESPAR EGOVSY EPIN EID ECONENRG EDRC ESENV ETT EB ENER ELTNSNAR ECHEVARRIA ETRC EPIT EDUC ESA EFI ENRGY ESCI EE EAIDXMXAXBXFFR EETC ECIP EIAID EIVN EBEXP ESTN EING EGOV ETRA EPETEIND ELAN ETRDGK EAIDRW ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS EPEC ENVI ELN EAG EPCS EPRT EPTED ETRB EUM EAIDS EFIC EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM EAIDAR ESF EIDN ELAM EDU EV EAIDAF ECN EDA EXBS EINTECPS ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ EPREL EAC EINVEFIN ETA EAGER EINDIR ECA ECLAC ELAP EITI EUCOM ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID EARG ELDIN EINVKSCA ENNP EFINECONCS EFINTS ECCP ETC EAIRASECCASCID EINN ETRP EAIDNI EFQ ECOQKPKO EGPHUM EBUD ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ ENERGY ELB EINDETRD EMI ECONEFIN EIB EURN ETRDEINVTINTCS EIN EFIM ETIO ELAINE EMN EATO EWTR EIPR EINVETC ETTD ETDR EIQ ECONCS EPPD ENRGIZ EISL ESPINOSA ELEC EAIG ESLCO EUREM ENTG ERD EINVECONSENVCSJA EEPET EUNCH ECINECONCS ETRO ETRDECONWTOCS ECUN EFND EPECO EAIRECONRP ERGR ETRDPGOV ECPN ENRGMO EPWR EET EAIS EAGRE EDUARDO EAGRRP EAIDPHUMPRELUG EICN ECONQH EVN EGHG ELBR EINF EAIDHO EENV ETEX ERNG ED
KMDR KPAO KPKO KJUS KCRM KGHG KFRD KWMN KDEM KTFN KHIV KGIC KIDE KSCA KNNP KHUM KIPR KSUM KISL KIRF KCOR KRCM KPAL KWBG KN KS KOMC KSEP KFLU KPWR KTIA KSEO KMPI KHLS KICC KSTH KMCA KVPR KPRM KE KU KZ KFLO KSAF KTIP KTEX KBCT KOCI KOLY KOR KAWC KACT KUNR KTDB KSTC KLIG KSKN KNN KCFE KCIP KGHA KHDP KPOW KUNC KDRL KV KPREL KCRS KPOL KRVC KRIM KGIT KWIR KT KIRC KOMO KRFD KUWAIT KG KFIN KSCI KTFIN KFTN KGOV KPRV KSAC KGIV KCRIM KPIR KSOC KBIO KW KGLB KMWN KPO KFSC KSEAO KSTCPL KSI KPRP KREC KFPC KUNH KCSA KMRS KNDP KR KICCPUR KPPAO KCSY KTBT KCIS KNEP KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KNNB KGCC KINR KPOP KMFO KENV KNAR KVIR KDRG KDMR KFCE KNAO KDEN KGCN KICA KIMMITT KMCC KLFU KMSG KSEC KUM KCUL KMNP KSMT KCOM KOMCSG KSPR KPMI KRAD KIND KCRP KAUST KWAWC KTER KCHG KRDP KPAS KITA KTSC KPAOPREL KWGB KIRP KJUST KMIG KLAB KTFR KSEI KSTT KAPO KSTS KLSO KWNN KPOA KHSA KNPP KPAONZ KBTS KWWW KY KJRE KPAOKMDRKE KCRCM KSCS KWMNCI KESO KWUN KPLS KIIP KEDEM KPAOY KRIF KGICKS KREF KTRD KFRDSOCIRO KTAO KJU KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW KEN KO KNEI KEMR KKIV KEAI KWAC KRCIM KWCI KFIU KWIC KCORR KOMS KNNO KPAI KBWG KTTB KTBD KTIALG KILS KFEM KTDM KESS KNUC KPA KOMCCO KCEM KRCS KWBGSY KNPPIS KNNPMNUC KWN KERG KLTN KALM KCCP KSUMPHUM KREL KGH KLIP KTLA KAWK KWMM KVRP KVRC KAID KSLG KDEMK KX KIF KNPR KCFC KFTFN KTFM KPDD KCERS KMOC KDEMAF KMEPI KEMS KDRM KEPREL KBTR KEDU KNP KIRL KNNR KMPT KISLPINR KTPN KA KJUSTH KPIN KDEV KTDD KAKA KFRP KWNM KTSD KINL KJUSKUNR KWWMN KECF KWBC KPRO KVBL KOM KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KEDM KFLD KLPM KRGY KNNF KICR KIFR KM KWMNCS KAWS KLAP KPAK KDDG KCGC KID KNSD KMPF KPFO KDP KCMR KRMS KNPT KNNNP KTIAPARM KDTB KNUP KPGOV KNAP KNNC KUK KSRE KREISLER KIVP KQ KTIAEUN KPALAOIS KRM KISLAO KWM KFLOA
PHUM PINR PTER PGOV PREL PREF PL PM PHSA PE PARM PINS PK PUNE PO PALESTINIAN PU PBTS PROP PTBS POL POLI PA PGOVZI POLMIL POLITICAL PARTIES POLM PD POLITICS POLICY PAS PMIL PINT PNAT PV PKO PPOL PERSONS PING PBIO PH PETR PARMS PRES PCON PETERS PRELBR PT PLAB PP PAK PDEM PKPA PSOCI PF PLO PTERM PJUS PSOE PELOSI PROPERTY PGOVPREL PARP PRL PNIR PHUMKPAL PG PREZ PGIC PBOV PAO PKK PROV PHSAK PHUMPREL PROTECTION PGOVBL PSI PRELPK PGOVENRG PUM PRELKPKO PATTY PSOC PRIVATIZATION PRELSP PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PMIG PREC PAIGH PROG PSHA PARK PETER POG PHUS PPREL PS PTERPREL PRELPGOV POV PKPO PGOVECON POUS PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN PWBG PMAR PREM PAR PNR PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO PARMIR PGOVGM PHUH PARTM PN PRE PTE PY POLUN PPEL PDOV PGOVSOCI PIRF PGOVPM PBST PRELEVU PGOR PBTSRU PRM PRELKPAOIZ PGVO PERL PGOC PAGR PMIN PHUMR PVIP PPD PGV PRAM PINL PKPAL PTERE PGOF PINO PHAS PODC PRHUM PHUMA PREO PPA PEPFAR PGO PRGOV PAC PRESL PORG PKFK PEPR PRELP PREFA PNG PGOVPHUMKPAO PRELECON PINOCHET PFOR PGOVLO PHUMBA PRELC PREK PHUME PHJM POLINT PGOVPZ PGOVKCRM PGOVE PHALANAGE PARTY PECON PEACE PROCESS PLN PRELSW PAHO PEDRO PRELA PASS PPAO PGPV PNUM PCUL PGGV PSA PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PGIV PRFE POGOV PEL PBT PAMQ PINF PSEPC POSTS PHUMPGOV PVOV PHSAPREL PROLIFERATION PENA PRELTBIOBA PIN PRELL PGOVPTER PHAM PHYTRP PTEL PTERPGOV PHARM PROTESTS PRELAF PKBL PRELKPAO PKNP PARMP PHUML PFOV PERM PUOS PRELGOV PHUMPTER PARAGRAPH PERURENA PBTSEWWT PCI PETROL PINSO PINSCE PQL PEREZ PBS

Browse by classification

Community resources

courage is contagious

Viewing cable 04LAGOS1268, FINDINGS OF THE 2003 DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs

Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
  • The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
  • The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
  • The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.

Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #04LAGOS1268.
Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
04LAGOS1268 2004-06-22 05:29 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Consulate Lagos
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 LAGOS 001268 
 
SIPDIS 
 
FOR S/GAC 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: TBIO SOCI ECON PGOV NI
SUBJECT: FINDINGS OF THE 2003 DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH 
SURVEY, WOMEN'S HEALTH AND SOCIAL STATUS: PART II OF 
III 
 
REF: LAGOS 1247 
 
1. Summary. The findings below on women's health and 
their social status are from the executive summary of 
the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. The 
nutritional status of Nigerian women falls within the 
internationally accepted normal range. The total 
fertility rate is 5.7 children, high even by African 
standards, and use of modern family planning methods is 
low, only 8 percent for married women. Most births 
occur at home in Nigeria, but most mothers receive pre- 
natal care at least once during pregnancy. Although one- 
fifth of Nigerian women are circumcised, the practice 
is declining. Most working women decide alone what to 
do with their earnings; generally, however, women 
continue to be dominated by men in Nigeria, 
particularly regarding family decisions, and continue 
to be subject to beatings by husbands. End summary. 
 
WOMEN'S HEALTH 
 
2. Nutritional Status of Women. The mean body mass 
index (BMI) of Nigerian women at the time of the survey 
was 22.3, which falls well within the internationally 
accepted normal range (between 18.5 and 24.9). Almost 
two-thirds of the women (64 percent) in the sample 
population had BMIs falling in the normal range; 15 
percent were thin, including 2 percent severely thin. 
The youngest women were the most likely to be thin. 
One-quarter of the women 15-19 years of age had a BMI 
of less than 18.5. One-fifth of the Nigerian women 
weighed more than they should have: 15 percent were 
overweight and 6 percent obese. 
 
3. Maternal Care. Almost two-thirds of mothers in 
Nigeria (63 percent) had received antenatal care (ANC) 
for their most recent live birth in the five years 
preceding the survey. One-fifth of mothers (21 percent) 
had received ANC from doctors; almost four in ten of 
the women had received care from nurses or midwives (37 
percent). Almost half the women (47 percent) had made 
the minimum number of four recommended visits, but most 
of the women who had received antenatal care had not 
gotten care within the first three months of pregnancy. 
Slightly more than half of the women who received 
antenatal care said they had been informed of potential 
pregnancy complications (55 percent). Fifty-eight 
percent of the women had received iron tablets; almost 
two-thirds had had urine or blood samples taken; and 81 
percent had had their blood pressure measured. Almost 
half (47 percent) of the women had not received tetanus 
toxoid injections during their most recent birth. 
 
4. Most births in Nigeria occur at home (66 percent). 
Only one-third of the live births during the five years 
preceding the survey occurred in a health facility. 
Slightly more than one-third of the births were 
attended by doctors, nurses, or midwives. A smaller 
proportion of women had received postnatal care. Only 
23 percent of the women who gave birth outside a health 
facility had received postnatal care within two days of 
the birth of their last child. More than seven in ten 
women who delivered outside a health facility had 
received no postnatal care at all. 
 
5. All the data on maternal care showed that rural 
women are disadvantaged compared to urban women, and 
there are marked regional differences among women. 
Women in the south, particularly the South East and the 
South West, received better care than women in the 
north, especially women in the North East and North 
West. 
 
6. Female Circumcision. Almost one-fifth of Nigerian 
women are circumcised, but the practice is declining. 
The oldest women are more than twice as likely as the 
youngest women to have been circumcised (28 percent 
versus 13 percent). This practice is most widespread 
among the Yoruba (61 percent) and Igbo (45 percent), 
who traditionally reside in the South West and South 
East. Half of the circumcised respondents could not 
identify the type of procedure that had been performed. 
Among the women who identified the procedure, the most 
common involved cutting and removal of flesh (44 
percent of all circumcised women). Four percent of the 
women reported they had undergone infibulation. 
 
7. Among the 53 percent of Nigerian women who had heard 
of female circumcision, two-thirds (66 percent) 
believed that it should be discontinued, while 21 
percent wanted the practice to continue. Less than half 
of circumcised women wanted the practice continued (42 
percent). Continuation finds greater support among 
southerners than northerners and among those who are 
circumcised than the uncircumcised. Among men who had 
heard of the practice, almost two-thirds were against 
continuation of female circumcision, while about one- 
fifth favored it. 
 
8. Perceived Constraints to Use of Health Care. Almost 
half of the women in the survey cited at least one 
barrier to their accessing health care services. The 
most commonly cited problem was getting money for 
treatment (30 percent), followed by distance to a 
health facility, and having transport (24 percent 
each). One in ten women said getting permission to 
access such services was a problem. 
 
WOMEN'S CHARACTERISTICS AND STATUS 
9. While most Nigerian women have had some education, 
42 percent have never attended school. This is almost 
twice the percentage of men who have never attended 
school (22 percent). 
 
10. Slightly over half of the women respondents 
reported being employed (56 percent) during the time of 
the survey. Eighty-four percent of working women had 
earned cash only or cash in addition to in-kind 
earnings. Almost three-quarters of the women who had 
received cash earnings reported that they alone had 
decided how their earnings had been used. Another 16 
percent said they had decided jointly with their 
husbands or someone else. Only 10 percent of the women 
reported that someone else had decided how their 
earnings would be used. 
 
11. The 2003 NDHS recorded information on women's role 
in different types of decisions in the household. 
Almost half (46 percent) of the married women 
participating in the survey reported they did not have 
final say (either singly or jointly) in any decision. 
Among the married couples, the husbands dominated 
household decision-making. 
 
12. The respondents were asked whether husbands can 
justifiably beat their wives for specific reasons. Most 
men and women (about six in ten) believed there are 
occasions when a man is justified beating his wife. 
About half the women respondents believed that husbands 
can rightly beat their wives if the latter leave the 
home without telling their husbands or if the wives 
neglect the children. These were also the most common 
justifications cited by men (50 percent and 47 percent, 
respectively). 
 
KRAMER