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### Viewing cable 07BRUSSELS3516, U.S. - EU TROIKA CONSULTATIONS ON DISARMAMENT AND

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
07BRUSSELS3516 | 2007-12-18 11:54 | 2011-05-19 08:00 | CONFIDENTIAL//NOFORN | USEU Brussels
Appears in these articles: www.tanea.gr

`

    VZCZCXRO4886
    RR RUEHAG RUEHROV
    DE RUEHBS #3516/01 3521154
    ZNY CCCCC ZZH
    R 181154Z DEC 07
    FM USEU BRUSSELS
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC
    INFO RUCNMEM/EU MEMBER STATES COLLECTIVE
    RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA
    RUEHUNV/USMISSION UNVIE VIENNA
    RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK
    RUEHNO/USMISSION USNATO

` `

    C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 04 BRUSSELS 003516

    SIPDIS

    NOFORN
    SIPDIS

    DEPARTMENT FOR ISN, EUR/ERA, GENEVA FOR CD AMB ROCCA

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 12/18/2017
    TAGS: KNNP PARM PREL EUN PTER KN IR IN
    SUBJECT: U.S. - EU TROIKA CONSULTATIONS ON DISARMAMENT AND
    NONPROLIFERATION, DECEMBER 3, 2007

    Classified By: A/Deputy PolCouns Vincent Carver for reasons 1.4 (b) and
     (d)

    -------
    Summary:
    -------

    ¶1. (C) The U.S.-EU troika consultations on disarmament and
    nonproliferation (CODUN/CONOP) on December 3, 2007
    demonstrated shared interests and a willingness from both
    sides for continued cooperation and discussion.  Differences
    remain, however in approaches to some key challenges, with
    the EU preferring treaty- and institution-based solutions,
    and the U.S. promoting more results-oriented means.  The EU
    committed to confidence-building measures with regard to
    space and noted the need for agreement to begin negotiations
    on a Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty as well as on an
    instrument on cluster munitions. The EU shares the U.S. goal
    of making progress on multinational nuclear fuel assurances.
    The EU side underscored the importance of UN action on Iran
    before any additional EU sanctions could be implemented and
    noted member state willingness to support the DPRK
    denuclearization process as well as a desire to contribute
    more in combating illicit financing in the context of WMD
    terrorism.  End Summary.

    ------------------------
    Multilateral Cooperation
    ------------------------

    ¶2. (C) Portuguese Under Director General for External Policy
    Ambassador Carlos Frota opened the CODUN/CONOP discussions on
    December 3 in Brussels by noting the EU's active engagement
    on nonproliferation and disarmament issues, particularly
    through its common policies and assistance provision.  He
    emphasized the EU's desire to support and strengthen the
    multilateral system, of which the Nonproliferation Treaty
    (NPT) is the cornerstone, and underlined the need for a
    multilateral approach to proliferation problems.  Principal
    Deputy Assistant Secretary McNerney (ISN) welcomed the
    opportunity to discuss these issues with the EU troika and
    highlighted the multilateral character of the U.S. WMD
    strategy of prevention, protection, and response.

    ¶3. (C) Turning to the UNGA First Committee (UNFC), Frota said
    that many traditional resolutions were circulated and
    adopted, but noted that old fault lines continue to exist at
    the UNFC. The EU remains committed to confidence building
    measures in outer space, and Frota asked whether progress
    could be made. He asked for a U.S. assessment of the work of
    the committee and whether there could be ways to make it a
    more useful forum.  U.S. Ambassador to the Conference on
    Disarmament Christina Rocca agreed with Frota's assessment
    that there were few new initiatives this year and that old
    divisions remained in New York. She noted the U.S. would not
    agree to link arms control with confidence building measures
    in outer space but underscored that the U.S. had been very
    forward leaning on this issue vis-a-vis Russia and thought
    the EU would have been pleased with the U.S. approach.  She
    requested continued dialogue with the EU as the member states
    consider the common EU position with regard to the draft
    space treaty the Russians plan to introduce at the CD.

    ¶4. (C) Frota discussed prospects for the CD, wondering
    whether progress will be made on the work plan. He noted that
    the EU would like agreement to begin negotiations on a
    Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty (FMCT) as soon as possible and
    favored the inclusion of international verification measures.
     Annalisa Giannella, Solana's Personal Representative on
    Nonproliferation, said that the situation in the CD would be
    more favorable if the U.S. and EU were able to isolate Iran
    and Pakistan by getting Chinese support for the work plan.

    ---------------------------
    Multilateral Nuclear Issues
    ---------------------------

    ¶5. (C) PDAS McNerney briefed on various proposals for
    Multinational nuclear fuel assurances including the
    Bush-Putin initiative and the Global Nuclear Energy
    Partnership (GNEP), as well as other initiatives discussed
    among the six supplier states and the IAEA. She highlighted
    the importance of providing reliable access to nuclear fuel
    as a means to deter states from developing national
    enrichment capabilities.  Frota said that EU member states

    BRUSSELS 00003516  002 OF 004

    are eager to make progress on this front and want to
    "mitigate the line between the haves and the have nots."
    Although cautioning that some member states may have concerns
    that some initiatives are not entirely compatible with free
    market principles, Giannella added that the EU wanted
    particularly to work with developing countries on these
    proposals. She noted that the denial of access to states that
    do not possess enrichment capabilities has not been
    productive and said that encouraging the development of fuel
    assurances would be a key topic for the nonproliferation
    symposium which High Rep Solana will host in February or
    March 2008.  European Commission Security Policy official
    Bruno Dupre added that many of the countries that would
    benefit most from the proposals, particularly those in the
    Mediterranean and the Aegean, are most vulnerable in terms of
    proliferation risks, so it will be necessary to maintain high
    safety and security standards.

    ¶6. (C) PDAS McNerney also briefed on U.S. objectives for the
    2008 NPT Preparatory Committee (PrepCom) meeting, and desire
    to coordinate with the EU to achieve common objectives.
    Frota said that the EU would be very active during 2008.
    Issues of specific interest for the EU include nuclear
    security, negative security assurances, export controls and
    the nuclear fuel cycle. Wolfgang Rudischhauser, a Council
    Secretariat nonproliferation official, asked whether ongoing

    SIPDIS
    debate about the U.S.-India nuclear deal could come up during
    the NPT PrepCom and affect the process. Giannella added that
    the EU, like the United States, is concerned about the role
    of Egypt, especially as its position on a Middle East weapons
    free zone has toughened.  She explained that Egypt raised the
    idea of discussing WMD in the Middle East at Solana's
    proposed nonproliferation symposium. Rather than have the
    symposium overwhelmed by the issue and divert attention from
    Solana's intended agenda, the EU has asked the Institute for
    Security Studies in Paris to hold a separate event on the
    Middle East WMD question in early 2008, the exact dates still
    to be determined.

    ------------------------------------------
    Biological and Chemical Weapons Convention
    ------------------------------------------

    ¶7. (SBU) Frota opened the discussion of the Chemical Weapons
    Convention (CWC) by characterizing the EU's objectives for
    the CWC as promoting compliance through verification,
    inspections, universality, and international cooperation.  He
    noted particularly that industrial inspection mechanisms need
    to be  strengthened and that universality was a problem in
    the Middle East, as Egypt, Syria and Israel remained outside
    the Convention.  He went on to commend the U.S. on the
    progress made in the destruction of its chemical arsenal.

    ¶8. (SBU) On the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), Frota
    explained that the EU was focusing on how best to implement
    the BWC regime, as well as how to cooperate internationally
    to get a regime that is compatible with international
    security concerns.  PDAS McNerney encouraged that the EU and
    U.S. work together in the area of transfer controls and
    biosafety and biosecurity measures. Frota proposed holding
    regional and subregional workshops in support of national
    implementation and noted the need for a public diplomacy
    campaign designed to raise awareness about the BWC.  Finally,
    he emphasized that improving public health systems would help
    restrict the possibility of diversion of potentially
    hazardous materials into the wrong hands.  Giannella
    described EU action in support of this final point explaining
    that the EU would adopt a joint action in early 2008 in
    support of the World Health Organization's efforts in this
    area. Dupre drew attention to the EU's green paper on
    biopreparedness detailing EU efforts to improve biosafety by
    improving analysis, detection, and cooperation.  Amb. Rocca
    stressed the need for the upcoming BWC meeting of state
    parties to stay on topic and indicated that the U.S. would
    have concerns about any proposals to expand the mandate of
    the Implementation Support Unit (ISU).

    -----------------------------------
    Regional Issues - Iran, DPRK, India
    -----------------------------------

    ¶9. (C/NF) In response to U.S. arguments that EU autonomous
    sanctions against Iran should be implemented as soon as
    possible, Giannella said that there is "no basis" within the
    EU for sanctions before a new UNSCR is agreed. She added that

    BRUSSELS 00003516  003 OF 004

    the EU would have few problems implementing a strong UNSCR,
    and explained that a new UNSCR would provide the legal basis
    for the member states to subsequently adopt a common
    position.  She argued that because a number of member states
    are opposed to sanctions, pressing the issue ahead of UN
    action could be detrimental to internal cohesion.  Giannella
    also briefed Solana's November 30 meeting with Iranian
    nuclear negotiator Saeed Jalili, calling it "very unpleasant"
    and saying that Solana concluded that there was no scope for
    moving forward.  (Note: this discussion took place before the
    release of the NIE on Iran.)

    ¶10. (C) PDAS McNerney summarized the status of the Six Party
    process and North Korean disablement.  Frota noted that the
    EU was working on a joint action to provide 1.8 million Euros
    in assistance for IAEA verification efforts. He further
    inquired about the prospects for dismantlement. Giannella
    told the U.S. delegation that she would be accompanying an EU
    regional directors troika delegation to Pyongyang later in
    December. The trip is intended to demonstrate EU support for
    the denuclearization process. Member states already to play a
    role in DPRK, said Giannella, and the directors will discuss
    possibilities for improving economic and development
    cooperation as well as ways of assisting DPRK in
    reintegrating into nonproliferation and disarmament regimes.
    When PDAS McNerney emphasized that the EU should be careful
    not to provide rewards before the DPRK demonstrates progress,
    Giannella responded that the EU wanted to take a "cautious"
    approach and show the DPRK what incentives could be available
    if they continued their cooperation.

    ¶11. (C) Turning to U.S.-India nuclear cooperation, Forta
    raised concerns about support for the deal in the Nuclear
    Suppliers Group (NSG). Giannella added that many member
    states share her concern about possible implications for the
    NPT review process.  She cited perceptions, especially among
    developing countries, that the initiative is discriminatory.
    She appealed to the U.S. side to handle the NSG process in a
    way that is sensitive to the NPT process.

    ----------------------------
    UNSCR 1540 and WMD Terrorism
    ----------------------------

    ¶12. (SBU) PDAS McNerney expressed appreciation for the EU's
    work on UNSCR 1540 assistance projects and explained the U.S.
    hope that the Committee's mandate would be extended after
    April 2008 and reinforced in terms developing a greater
    implementation role.  Frota noted that Committee Chair Burian
    briefed a Committee on Nonproliferation (CONOP) session in
    late October, citing Africa as a key region needing
    assistance.  Burian shared with the EU his vision for the
    Committee, discussing efforts at dialogue, outreach and
    assistance, as well as a need to expand and strengthen the
    Committee's mandate.  Members of the EU side explained that
    the EU has gained experience on these issues by cofinancing
    seminars. Now they want to turn their attention to working on
    raising awareness and doing more for capacity building.
    Dupre added that the EU would like to use their stability
    instrument funding to do more on illicit financing.  He noted
    that the dialogue between the proliferation and financial
    member state communities has been lacking.

    ¶13. (SBU) After the U.S. delegation presented a brief summary
    of the status of the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear
    Terrorism, EU officials cited the precedent of their observer
    status in the Global Initiative to make the case for
    membership in the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI).
    Dupre noted that the EU can add value, particularly by
    providing forensic expertise in smuggling.

    --------------------
    Conventional Weapons
    --------------------

    ¶14. (SBU) Ambassador Frota said that the EU wants a
    convention on cluster munitions as soon as possible. He
    welcomed the U.S. agreement to allow a negotiating mandate in
    the CCW framework as a helpful evolution, although said that
    the EU would have preferred a more ambitious mandate.  He
    added that the evolution of the U.S. position gives the EU
    hope that the U.S. would participate in the convention.  PDAS
    McNerney explained the U.S. concern that military
    interoperability not be undermined through a total ban on
    cluster munitions.

    BRUSSELS 00003516  004 OF 004

    ¶15. (SBU) On the issue of Small Arms and Light Weapons
    (SALW), Frota cited transfer controls, marking and tracing,
    brokering, and ammunition as issues that required attention.
    He outlined EU concerns, explaining that the Europeans wanted
    to see stricter controls and more cooperation on export,
    import, shipping and transport of SALW.  The EU is in favor
    of global standards of tracing and would like to see the
    creation of an international instrument for ammunition.  PDAS
    McNerney noted that the U.S. had decided not to participate
    in the 2008 Biennial Meeting of States on SALW and was still
    considering whether to participate in the Groups of
    Governmental Experts on ammunition and on the proposed Arms
    Trade Treaty.

    --------------------------------------------- -------
    Global Partnership against the Spread of Weapons and
    Materials of Mass Destruction
    --------------------------------------------- -------

    ¶16. (SBU) PDAS McNerney said the Global Partnership (GP) was
    a good news story, which the U.S. was now looking to extend
    beyond the former Soviet Union.  Dupre replied that both the
    Council and Commission had been active in supporting the GP
    and favored expanding it beyond Russia and beyond 2012.
    However, he warned against committing funds and then looking
    for programs on which to spend them; good programs had to
    proceed funding.  PDAS McNerney commented that while we
    agreed that it would be best to commit funds to anticipated
    programs, we need to continue to support a top level
    commitment to ensure adequate priority and momentum for the
    Partnership.

    ¶17. (U) PDAS McNerney and Ambassador Rocca have cleared this
    cable.

    MURRAY

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