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### Viewing cable 07MANAGUA1873, EMBASSY MANAGUA ASSESSMENT OF CENTRAL AMERICA

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
07MANAGUA1873 | 2007-08-08 23:46 | 2011-06-21 08:00 | CONFIDENTIAL | Embassy Managua

`

    VZCZCXYZ0003
    OO RUEHWEB

    DE RUEHMU #1873/01 2202346
    ZNY CCCCC ZZH
    O 082346Z AUG 07
    FM AMEMBASSY MANAGUA
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0961
    INFO RUEHZA/WHA CENTRAL AMERICAN COLLECTIVE IMMEDIATE
    RUEHME/AMEMBASSY MEXICO IMMEDIATE 4652
    RUEABND/DEA HQS WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
    RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC IMMEDIATE
    RHEHNSC/NSC WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
    RHMCSUU/FBI WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
    RUEAWJA/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
    RUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
    RUMIAAA/CDR USSOUTHCOM MIAMI FL//J2/J3/J5// IMMEDIATE

` `

    C O N F I D E N T I A L MANAGUA 001873

    SIPDIS

    SIPDIS

    DEPT FOR WHA/FO--G. SNIDLE, WHA/CEN--S. CRAIG
    DEPT ALSO FOR INL/LP--A. MARTIN
    SOUTHCOM FOR POLAD

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 08/07/2017
    TAGS: PTER PINS PREL XK
    SUBJECT: EMBASSY MANAGUA ASSESSMENT OF CENTRAL AMERICA
    SECURITY REQUIREMENTS

    REF: SECSTATE 107145

    Classified By: Ambassador Paul Trivelli for reasons 1.4 (b) & (d).

    ¶1.  (C) Due to recent political changes in Nicaragua, it
    remains to be seen whether the GON will continue to cooperate
    with the U.S. on broad high-level security policy.  Even so,
    day-to-day operational cooperation remains strong,
    particularly with the National Police and the military.  We
    believe that expanding our practical and direct engagement
    with appropriate Nicaraguan government agencies, especially
    the military and the national police, does present viable
    opportunities both to improve Nicaraguan security and
    institutionalize Nicaragua's regional integration.  With this
    backdrop, we present the following ideas on what policy
    actions and assistance could be effective in Nicaragua as
    part of a comprehensive regional security strategy.

    Success Predicated on Four Basic Assumptions
    --------------------------------------------

    ¶2.  (C) We believe strongly that there are four underlying
    assumptions that should apply across all countries in the
    region and that should weigh heavily in Washington's
    decisions about what policy and assistance to provide.

    --First, the initial phase of policy support or assistance
    needs to bring all countries to a common baseline via the
    provision of common equipment with an emphasis on systems
    that tie the countries' military, law enforcement, and
    intelligence institutions together.  This approach may mean
    providing "unequal" support to some countries.
    --Second, especially in Nicaragua, funds need to be set aside
    to carry out public diplomacy to correct misperceptions about
    and to promote U.S. assistance related to this regional
    strategy.
    --Third, assistance, particularly equipment, should include
    "sustainability packages" that allow receiving nations to
    develop native capacity to continue efforts on their own
    long-term.
    --Finally, a "burden-sharing" element should be required of
    all nations, though realistically this would be non-monetary
    in nature.  As has already been seen with the Millennium
    Challenge Corporation model, contributions of physical
    facilities, legislative remedies, and the like can go a long
    way to creating a lasting sense of ownership by the host
    country and increase the chance for success.

    Suggestions for Nicaragua
    -------------------------

    ¶3.  (C) With respect to Nicaragua, there are six areas where
    additional assets and policies could bind Nicaragua more
    closely to its neighbors resulting in better regional
    cooperation and positive results.

    -- Border Control:  Nicaragua's police, military and the
    customs and immigration agencies do not possess adequate
    resources to exert sovereignty over national territory.  One
    key weakness in Nicaragua's border and immigration control is
    the lack of airport security, which could be greatly improved
    by installing a complete and functional video monitoring
    system and the comprehensive implementation of the PISCES
    immigration system.  Policy consideration should be given to
    determining how the C-4 Customs Union, of which Nicaragua is
    a member, might be strengthened to expand its defensive-ring
    potential.  Perhaps integration into the larger CAFTA-DR
    structure would produce the greatest effect.  Despite
    attendant fuel constraints, providing fixed- and rotary-wing
    air assets as well as additional water assets would improve
    activities to combat trafficking of narcotics, humans, as
    well as of rare and protected species.

    -- Military Cooperation:  A regional solution to improve
    security can not be successful without considering military
    cooperation.  Like nearly every other country in the region,
    Nicaragua desperately needs transportation helicopters and
    lift capacity.  To be useful, however, any new physical
    assets must be accompanied by, and should not be delivered
    without, host country agreement for a "sustainability
    package" that includes spare parts, training and maintenance.
     Such a package should be designed to develop national
    capacity that can be sustained for the long-term.  The
    provision of any physical assets should also include
    communications systems that are mutually compatible to
    encourage cooperation between the countries.  In addition,
    systems that are interoperable with U.S. equipment should be
    considered where possible.

    -- Regional Command and Control:  We suggest that a regional
    command and control/coordination center be considered -- as
    SICA itself has proposed.  This center could be housed at
    JIATF in Florida or possibly in Honduras at Soto Cano.  The
    institution should at least bring together representatives
    from national counter-drug and financial crimes enforcement,
    and possibly counter-terrorism, entities from each country.
    This center would improve regional coordination and
    information sharing across national lines.  If a U.S.
    location were selected, Washington should consider providing
    stipends or scholarships to facilitate the presence of
    foreign LNOs on a rotational basis.

    --Police Presence:  Nicaragua has a National Police force;
    however, outside the capital and major cities the NNP has a
    limited presence with virtually no presence at all in the
    Atlantic Provinces.  Funding to increase the rural and
    regional police presence, especially in the lawless Atlantic
    region of the country, would greatly improve the NNP's
    capacity and provide a significant deterrent against the
    traffickers of narcotics, arms, persons, and other illicit
    goods that utilize routes throughout the region.  Increased
    police manpower would also result in enhanced and more
    frequent military-police cooperation particularly outside the
    capital.

    --Anti-corruption:  Corruption in Nicaragua is endemic and
    corrosive.  In particular, the judiciary here presents a
    particular challenge -- from top-to-bottom Nicaragua's courts
    have been stacked, politicized and are routinely manipulated.
     However, there are some options that we believe may produce
    improvement.  Nicaragua would benefit from assistance to
    enforce financial disclosure laws already on the books.
    Nicaragua is also the only nation in the region without a
    financial intelligence unit and will almost certainly fall
    under international financial sanctions beginning January
    2008 due to the lack of progress.  We would also propose
    establishing a regional FINCEN, or help create unit within
    the existing C-4 Customs Union structure.

    -- Gangs:  A regional anti-gang strategy has already begun to
    be implemented.  Although Nicaragua does suffer from a
    growing problem with street gangs, especially in Managua, to
    this point foreign organizations such as the MS-13 have not
    been able to establish a long-term presence in the country.
    However, like its neighbors, there are large numbers of
    at-risk youth, who due to lack of economic opportunity and
    social mobility, present potentially fertile ground for gang
    and organized crime elements that seek to expand.
    Substantial funding for programs targeting at-risk youth
    would be a good investment.

    TRIVELLI

`