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### Viewing cable 07PHNOMPENH77, UPDATE ON THE ECCC; DAVID SCHEFFER COMING TO

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
07PHNOMPENH77 | 2007-01-17 10:12 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Phnom Penh

`

    VZCZCXYZ0004
    OO RUEHWEB

    DE RUEHPF #0077/01 0171012
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    O 171012Z JAN 07
    FM AMEMBASSY PHNOM PENH
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 7852
    INFO RUEHRL/AMEMBASSY BERLIN IMMEDIATE 0143
    RUEHOT/AMEMBASSY OTTAWA IMMEDIATE 0534
    RUEHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS IMMEDIATE 0554
    RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO IMMEDIATE 3122
    RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK IMMEDIATE 2206

` `

    UNCLAS PHNOM PENH 000077

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE
    SIPDIS

    STATE FOR EAP/MLS AND S/WCI; USUN FOR JIM DONOVAN

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PHUM KJUS CB
    SUBJECT: UPDATE ON THE ECCC; DAVID SCHEFFER COMING TO
    CAMBODIA

    REF: USUN NY 16

    ¶1.  (SBU)  Summary.  The Open Society's Justice Initiative
    (OSJI) has requested and will fund former Ambassador David
    Scheffer to visit Cambodia from January 19-21 to intervene
    with senior RGC officials on the future of the Extraordinary
    Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC).  Recent OSJI
    discussions with members of the ECCC, both international and
    Cambodian, indicate a significant difference on views as to
    how long the review process for internal rules should take,
    with the international judges committed to resolving most, if
    not all, the rules and procedures by month's end so that a
    March plenary of all the judges can be scheduled.  The
    Cambodians, according to OSJI sources, foresee this process
    unfolding over the course of weeks and even months, with
    additional rounds of discussion possible.  ECCC staff are
    concerned that the international jurists may pull out if the
    two sides cannot resolve most differences in short order.
    Total outstanding issues have narrowed to approximately a
    dozen; there are five substantive points of contention that
    affect the independence and legitimacy of the ECCC.  OSJI
    reported that the decision to bring David Scheffer came at
    the behest of some ECCC staff; Scheffer has agreed to come.
    End Summary.

    ECCC's Review Committee Begins to Work
    --------------------------------------

    ¶2.  (SBU)  On January 16, Pol/Econ Chief met with Heather
    Ryan, OSJI's resident Khmer Rouge Tribunal monitor, and
    Tracey Gurd, an OSJI legal officer visiting from New York.
    Ryan related that recent discussions with ECCC staff
    indicated concerns on the international side regarding the
    review committee's prospects for success at the conclusion of
    their current session, which began on January 16 and is
    scheduled to conclude on January 26.  ECCC sources informed
    Ryan that their conversations with Cambodian counterparts
    suggested that the Cambodian judges had met prior to the
    beginning of the session, and had reportedly become even more
    entrenched in their position going into the two weeks of
    meetings.  In addition, said Ryan, OSJI's own soundings among
    the Cambodian judges indicated that the Cambodian side views
    the two-week review committee session as just the beginning
    of what could be a longer process of negotiation and
    discussion of the rules -- one that could last weeks or even
    months.  The international judges, continued Ryan, want to
    resolve the differences surrounding the rules during the
    two-week session, or come close enough that both sides are
    confident that a third plenary session in March will be
    successful and the rules agreed upon at that time.

    ¶3.  (SBU)  Ryan was aware that the Group of Interested States
    (GIS) had met in New York (reftel).  She wondered if the
    donors were pushing the Cambodian government and delivering
    messages of concern.  Pol/Econ Chief confirmed that key
    missions were privately conveying strong messages to senior
    RGC officials.  Ryan noted that ECCC staff had asked OSJI to
    invite David Scheffer, former US Ambassador-at-Large for War
    Crimes, to visit Cambodia before the review committee's
    session ended to discuss the ECCC's future with DPM Sok An
    and ensure the two-week session does not end in failure.
    Ryan explained that concerned ECCC staff considered Scheffer
    as the best choice to intervene, as he is viewed (by the RGC)
    as a friend of Cambodia for his work in restarting the
    negotiations between the RGC and the UN over formation of the
    Tribunal.  OSJI/New York agreed to fund Scheffer's travel,
    and the latter is scheduled to arrive on January 19 and
    depart on January 21; Ryan noted that there is not yet
    confirmation that Scheffer will be able to meet with DPM Sok
    An.

    Sticking Points
    ---------------

    ¶4.  (SBU)  Ryan mentioned that her discussions with the
    ECCC's Marcel Lemonde (international co-investigating judge
    and member of the drafting committee for the rules as well as
    the review committee) indicate that there remain about a
    dozen or so points of difference between the international
    and Cambodian sides regarding rules and procedures.  Roughly
    half of those are potential deal breakers, noted Ryan, as
    they impinge on the independence and integrity of the court.
    The Cambodian side does not wish to address the role of the
    defense counsel office in the rules; rather, they proposed
    that all issues pertaining to the defense be decided by the

    Cambodian Bar Association.  Given the history of political
    interference in the Bar, this is an impossible proposition,
    noted Ryan.  There remains disagreement over the
    participation by international defense counsel, said Ryan,
    which would call into question the fairness of the process if
    Cambodian defendants only had Cambodian lawyers in the
    courtroom with them (i.e., the equality of arms issue).
    According to Ryan's sources at the ECCC, the Cambodian
    proposals suggest that the Cambodian side is seeking control
    over the entire process or a way to render it meaningless.
    For instance, the Cambodian judges have proposed that if
    there is disagreement over whether or not an investigation
    will result in an indictment, that the person under
    investigation may appeal to the Pre-Trial Chamber.  If there
    is no supermajority, the case will be dropped.  (Note:  Under
    the RGC/UN Agreement, such cases would go forward to trial;
    convictions, however, would require a supermajority.  End
    Note.)  Ryan noted that under such a system, the RGC would
    have total veto power over each indictment.

    ¶5.  (SBU)  The Cambodians had also requested that Cambodian
    law relating to defamation also be applied to the court's
    proceedings.  They have reportedly changed their proposal to
    perjury, said Ryan, but want perjury cases to be referred to
    the Cambodian court system for a determination rather than be
    examined by the ECCC.  Ryan said that the Cambodian courts
    would be unlikely arbiters of such cases in a politically
    nonbiased way, and would serve as a deterrent for witness
    testimony.  The Cambodians continue to insist on in absentia
    trials, despite the international judges argument that
    absentia trials do not meet international standards and their
    use has been rejected by other international tribunals.  One
    new area where the Cambodian judges have departed from the
    draft rules concerns the participation by civil parties.
    Although permitted under Cambodian law, the Cambodian judges
    recently indicated that they do not favor victims coming
    forward as civil parties.  Ryan said that there is
    speculation at the ECCC that this change of heart reflects
    RGC fear of encouraging people to submit new evidence.
    (Note:  The Japanese Embassy was particularly unhappy over
    this provision as well, although for financial and
    administrative reasons.  Their influence with the RGC may
    also be a factor in the Cambodian decision to question the
    rules surrounding victims and witnesses as civil parties.
    End Note.)

    Japan:  Still Cautiously Optimistic
    -----------------------------------

    ¶6.  (SBU)  Pol/Econ Chief conferred on January 17 with the
    Japanese Embassy to see if they had heard similar rumblings.
    In characteristic style, the Japanese Counselor handling the
    KRT, Yoshi Kodama, said he was unaware of any problems,
    although he did allow that the UN Administrative Office (and
    we can only assume this is Sean Vissoth) is preparing a
    compromise document on legal matters to provide to both sides
    for consideration during the review committee meetings.
    Kodama noted that the Japanese Ambassador would be meeting
    with DPM Sok An next week and the progress of the review
    committee would likely come up in the discussion.

    Comment
    -------

    ¶7.  (SBU)  The first day's discussions on January 16
    reportedly went well, according to one international judge,
    who allowed that was likely because the two sides only
    discussed the "easy stuff."   At this stage, we can only wait
    and see how the discussions between the international and
    Cambodian judges develop, and whether there is room for
    compromise.  We plan to see David Scheffer and will provide a
    readout of his discussions in Phnom Penh.  End Comment.
    MUSSOMELI

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