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### Viewing cable 05HELSINKI228, ACEH TALKS: FINNISH MEDIATORS POSITIVE AFTER DAY 2

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
05HELSINKI228 | 2005-02-23 09:09 | 2011-04-24 00:12 | CONFIDENTIAL | Embassy Helsinki

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 02 HELSINKI 000228

    SIPDIS

    STATE FOR EAP/IET, EUR/NB AND INR/EAP

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 02/23/2015
    TAGS: PREL PGOV PHUM MOPS MARR EAID ASEC ID FI
    SUBJECT: ACEH TALKS:  FINNISH MEDIATORS POSITIVE AFTER DAY 2

    REF: A. STATE 28557
         ¶B. JAKARTA 02068
         ¶C. HELSINKI 0185
         ¶D. JAKARTA 01596
         ¶E. HELSINKI 0127
         ¶F. STOCKHOLM 086
         ¶G. JAKARTA 0564
         ¶H. JAKARTA 0414
         ¶I. STATE 05915
         ¶J. JAKARTA 0380

    Classified By: ACTING POL CHIEF DAVID ALLEN SCHLAEFER FOR REASONS 1.4 (
    B AND D)

    A Possible Breakthrough
    ------------------------
    ¶1.  (C)  Poloff spoke with Meri-Maria Jaarva of the Crisis
    Management Initiative (CMI) on the night of February 22.
    Jaarva is the chief assistant of former Finnish President
    Martti Ahtisaari for the Aceh talks.  Jaarva said that there
    had been an "enormous change" in the demeanor and attitude of
    the GAM representatives from Monday (Day 1) to Tuesday (Day
    2).  She said that the GAM's position was so hardline on
    Monday that she and Ahtisaari were unsure if the GAM
    representatives would actually show up Tuesday morning or if
    they would break off the talks.  She had gone so far as to
    begin preparing contingency points for the press in the event
    of a break down.  However, the GAM representatives arrived
    Tuesday prepared to immediately discuss substantive issues
    and details about what a comprehensive settlement in Aceh
    might look like.  They were prepared to drop (in effect)
    their demand for eventual independence as well as their
    insistence on negotiating a series of staged or tranched
    measures (beginning with a cease-fire) rather than discussing
    a comprehensive settlement all at once.  Jaarva said that she
    did not know what had happened during the night of Feb. 21-22
    to account for the dramatic shift;  she speculated that the
    GAM negotiators may have received the approval or support of
    field commanders to move forward, but was unsure.

    ¶2.  (C)  The most important development was agreement between
    the GAM and the GoI on the semantics of autonomy.  Jaarva
    said that the GAM representatives told the GoI side that the
    phrase "special autonomy" was pejorative for their supporters
    and a non-starter;  it would be impossible to sell an
    agreement based on "special autonomy" to certain key GAM
    figures outside the talks.  After some discussion, the
    alternative formulation of "self-government inside Indonesia"
    was agreed on.  The GoI's initial "special autonomy package"
    would still be the starting point for negotiations, but the
    new semantics would be used henceforth.  Jaarva said that she
    believed this would allow the GAM negotiators to claim to
    their supporters that they had not sacrificed "independence"
    for "autonomy."  Jaarva expressed surprise with media reports
    that GAM "Prime Minister" Malik had publicly stated the GAM
    was dropping its demand for independence;  she said that she
    did not believe the GAM representatives in Helsinki would
    want such reports reaching their supporters at this stage.

    Areas of Discussion
    -------------------
    ¶3.  (C)  Jaarva said that the negotiations had then moved on
    to short but substantive discussions of a number of key areas
    that would have to be resolved as part of any comprehensive
    settlement.

    --  Political Parties:  The GoI did not want to change its
    electoral system to allow "separatist" political parties to
    legally operate, but recognized that some way would have to
    be found for the GAM to form a party(ies) and participate in
    municipal and provincial elections and politics.  There were
    a number of ideas on both sides about how this might be
    achieved.

    --  Timing of Elections

    --  Amnesty for GAM leaders and fighters

    --  Economy and Taxation:  The two sides discussed how
    revenues would be shared, and what type of auditing system
    could be put in place to verify equitable distribution and
    prevent malfeasance.

    --  Reintegration of fighters into Indonesian society

    --  Security:  Disarmament and "decommissioning" of GAM
    military formations.

    --  Human Rights Issues:  Jaarva said that there was an
    extensive discussion of various human rights issues, as well
    as some discussion of ongoing humanitarian relief efforts in
    the wake of the tsunami.

    --  Monitoring of Agreement:  Both sides agreed that there
    would have to be an external monitoring body put in place for
    an extended period.  Both sides were unenthusiastic about the
    UN being the basis for such a monitoring body.  There seemed
    to be a consensus that a regional organization or "something
    with the Australians and Americans" would be preferable to
    the UN.

    Next Steps:  Tentative agreement was reached to hold a third
    round of talks in Helsinki from April 12-17 (Note: Jaarva was
    unsure that she had the exact date range correct).  She said
    that the longer gap was necessary to allow both sides to
    prepare position papers on the various issues, to consult
    with legal and political advisors, and, in the case of the
    GAM, to win acceptance from key GAM commanders for the
    concept of a settlement.

    Outside Influence?
    ------------------
    ¶4.  (C)  Jaarva told Poloff that the American Aceh activist
    Neeson was not/not present in Helsinki because he had become
    ill at the last moment and canceled his trip.  However, she
    said that Kingsbury and "another Aussie woman (sic)" were
    with the GAM representatives as political advisors.  The two
    Australians did not participate in the negotiation sessions,
    but appeared to play an active role in the intra-GAM
    deliberations.  Jaarva said that she did not know if the role
    they were playing was benign or malign as far as facilitating
    agreement, or if they played any role in either the hardline
    stance the GAM took on Monday or the overnight change that
    subsequently took place.  Jaarva also said that there were
    two other foreign advisors, a German and a Swede, that
    unexpectedly appeared with the GAM representatives.  Jaarva
    said that Ahtisaari thought it impolitic to refuse them
    admission into the estate where the talks were being held,
    and that although they were "poking around" the site, they
    did not insinuate themselves into the talks and appeared
    "harmless."

    Christensen Upbeat
    ------------------
    ¶5.  (C)  DCM Weisberg also received a late call from Juha
    Christensen, the Finnish businessman who originally brought
    Ahtisaari into the process as a mediator.  Christensen has
    been present during the talks and actually participated in at
    least some of the negotiation sessions.  Christensen told the
    DCM that he was optimistic after Day 2 and cited the same
    change in the GAM's demeanor that Jaarva had.  Christensen
    opined that he believed a breakthrough might indeed have been
    achieved.  Christensen declined to go into further details
    over the phone, but agreed to meet with the DCM later this
    week to discuss his impressions.

    Day 3
    -----
    ¶6.  (C)  CMI mediators indicated that the talks on Wednesday
    (Day 3) would focus on preparing the agenda for the April
    round.  Ahtisaari plans to give a press conference at 3:00pm
    local time (8:00am EST) on Wednesday.  Ahtisaari's official
    statement on the talks will be posted to the CMI website
    (www.cmi.fi) at some point on February 23.

    WEISBERG

`