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### Viewing cable 05PARIS2333, GWOT ASSESSMENT: EMBASSY PARIS FEEDBACK

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
05PARIS2333 | 2005-04-07 13:01 | 2010-11-30 16:04 | SECRET | Embassy Paris

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    S E C R E T SECTION 01 OF 03 PARIS 002333

    SIPDIS

    STATE FOR EUR/PGI (BUCKNEBERG) AND S/CT

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 04/06/2014
    TAGS: PTER PREL FR
    SUBJECT: GWOT ASSESSMENT: EMBASSY PARIS FEEDBACK

    REF: A. STATE 60796
    ¶B. 04 PARIS 8983
    ¶C. PARIS 280

    Classified By: DEPUTY CHIEF OF MISSION ALEX WOLFF, FOR REASONS 1.4 B/D

    ¶1. (S) Summary: U.S.-French cooperation on terrorism is
    mature and broad-based. For a number of reasons, including
    the memory of terrorist attacks in Paris during the 1980s,
    the French bring significant expertise, focus and
    determination to their C/T activities, and are valued
    partners for a wide range of USG agencies. C/T cooperation
    with the USG is largely insulated from the day-to-day
    political and diplomatic tussles that can make the French
    often difficult allies. Notwithstanding this solid
    foundation, Post has outlined three areas where we believe
    our C/T objectives can be better served, and proposes
    suggestions to implement these objectives. End summary.

    ---------------------------------
    A MATURE, SUCCESSFUL RELATIONSHIP
    ---------------------------------

    ¶2. (S/NF) Embassy Paris comprises one of the widest range of
    USG agency representation anywhere in the world. Many of
    these agencies play a role in the remarkably broad
    U.S.-France security and counter-terrorism relationship. In
    addition to State's Consular, Diplomatic Security, Economic,
    Political, and Public Diplomacy sections that each handle
    pieces of the terrorism portfolio, other non-State sections
    in Paris that deal with the French on terrorism issues
    include the DEA, the Defense Attache, a DOJ liaison
    prosecutor, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) located
    in Paris and in the port cities of Le Havre and Marseilles,
    Legatt/FBI, NCIS, OSI, ROAL, a Transportation Security
    Administration (TSA) representative, and the Secret Service.
    A significant portion of the work of the Embassy's EST office
    is now counterterrorism-related. Other non-traditional
    security-oriented offices also contribute to counterterrorism
    work. For example, the Foreign Agricultural Service Office
    liaises with French agriculture authorities on biosafety
    risks. In addition, USG personnel are assigned to Interpol
    headquarters in Lyon, France's second largest city.

    ¶3. (S) Two reasons for this breadth of USG representation are
    1) France's own outsized role internationally and within the
    EU on counter-terrorism issues; and 2) a long-term
    institutional desire by the GOF to maintain close relations
    with USG C/T professionals. In addition to this permanent
    USG presence, delegations from the United States often visit
    France to discuss specialized aspects of C/T. Two noteworthy
    recent examples were a DOE/NRC/NSC/STATE visit in January on
    the protection of nuclear facilities and radiological
    materials. The visit has led to the development of the a
    multi-year program to share best practices, swap observers at
    nuclear security exercises, and collaborate scientifically to
    improve passive security measures for nuclear facilities.
    Also, in December 2004, then-Secretary of Health and Human
    Services Tommy Thompson led an HHS/STATE delegation to a G-8
    meeting hosted in France to engage at a deeper level on the
    threat of bioterrorism. The ongoing work of the Bioterrorism
    Experts Group includes such items as best practices in
    protection of the food supply; information sharing on
    zoonotic diseases; licensing issues on medical
    countermeasures; sharing of information regarding vaccine
    availability; and the sharing of national response plans.
    France hosted two bioterrorism conferences in April in Lyon:
    the first Interpol conference devoted to this subject and a
    WHO-sponsored meeting on Biosafety and Biorisks. France
    participates actively in these fora and sends experts to
    U.S.-hosted biosafety/biorisk seminars in the U.S.

    ¶4. (S) Internationally, France is a long-standing contributor
    of military troops and assistance in Afghanistan and a French
    admiral is regularly in the rotation to command Task Force
    150, a multinational naval force that patrols the Red Sea and
    the Persian Gulf to interdict the movement of suspected
    terrorists from Afghanistan to the Arabian Peninsula. French
    Special Forces also operate closely with coalition forces in
    Afghanistan. It is a key member of the UN's
    Counter-Terrorism Committee and the G-8's Counter-Terrorism
    Action Group, and it has supported (and co-sponsored, where
    possible) terrorist designations to the UN's 1267 sanctions
    committee. Bilaterally, France recently signed two updated
    agreements on extradition and counter-terrorism cooperation,
    and cooperates closely on Container Security Initiative (CSI)
    and airline security issues. Domestically, France continues
    to hold in pretrial detention 6 of the 7 ex-GTMO French
    citizen detainees (the seventh was declared not an enemy
    combatant by the Department of Defense). All six will be
    charged with "terrorist conspiracy," which has a maximum
    sentence of ten years. Most recently, terrorism
    investigating judges and prosecutors successfully argued for
    the conviction of Djamel Beghal and five accomplices arrested
    in 2001 on suspicion of planning to bomb the U.S. Embassy in
    Paris. Beghal and his five accomplices were convicted on
    March 15 and all received jail sentences. Other significant
    C/T operations include the dismantling of a local cell of
    "French jihadists to Iraq," a raid on and continuing
    investigation of the MEK presence in France, the dismantling
    of a GICM cell, and the near-destruction of ETA support cells
    in the south of France. Additional examples are reviewed in
    ref B.

    ----------------
    AREAS TO IMPROVE
    ----------------

    ¶5. (S) As noted in ref C, France often appears to react
    differently to terrorism and radical Islam depending on its
    distance from it. Within its borders, the GOF reacts
    proactively, with speed and firmness. Elsewhere in the
    world, it is much more equivocal. Political and diplomatic
    considerations carry substantial weight, and sometimes trump
    security considerations. A good example of this is continued
    French intransigence within the EU on Hezbollah. It sees the
    EU's listing of Hezbollah as a bad idea for Lebanon's
    political stability and therefore, it continues to hold a
    firm line against listing, despite a growing openness within
    internal security circles to acknowledge that Hezbollah has
    committed terrorist acts and should be considered a terrorist
    organization. An approach that combines convincing the GOF
    of a case's merits and, where necessary, isolating France
    diplomatically offers the best chance of success, although in
    this particular situation, it will prove difficult to
    overcome the firm conviction of President Chirac and others
    that designating Hezbollah is a bad idea. Nevertheless,
    France's intelligence and security services must be persuaded
    by the existing evidence that Hezbollah is a terrorist
    organization. Presenting the GOF with evidence of Hezbollah
    involvement in terrorism in the West Bank and Gaza is
    particularly important, as the GOF cannot overlook
    Hezbollah's efforts to destroy the Israeli-Palestinian peace
    process. Having the Palestinian leadership weigh in with the
    French at a high level would be important as well; up to now,
    the French have maintained that only the U.S. and Israel are
    pressing them on Hezbollah, while the Palestinians remain in
    the background on the issue. Second, France must be isolated
    within the EU Clearinghouse. A number of EU countries hide
    behind France's strong opposition, but if they are peeled
    away, France may be more amenable. In general, France does
    not like to be seen publicly as blocking consensus, a fact
    that worked to our advantage in finally convincing the EU to
    designate Hamas.

    ¶6. (S) The Embassy believes that a gap in French C/T planning
    is its development of mass-casualty emergency response. The
    GOF understands they have improvements to make and have begun
    to conduct exercises to build and test their emergency
    response capabilities. However, France could benefit from
    observing the USG crisis simulation exercises. Post would
    recommend, therefore, for the invitation (where possible) for
    a GOF official to observe USG exercises and simulations. One
    good recent example is the inclusion of two high-level French
    officials as observers to the TOPOFF 3 simulation in the U.S.
    Expanding on this worthy initiative, Washington might
    consider inviting French officials as observers to other,
    similar simulations in the U.S. and abroad, to include USG
    training programs with other countries (such as those
    referenced in Jakarta 4212). The French can be prickly if
    given the impression that they need to be "trained" and in
    addition, giving them decision-making roles is often best
    avoided. One way to overcome these issues is to focus on
    "professional exchanges" and invite them to observe
    USG-organized emergency response simulations and allow them
    to translate best practices to the French system. In
    addition, Post will work to procure invitations for the USG
    to observe French-led crisis simulations.

    ¶7. (S) As mentioned in para 1, U.S.-French C/T cooperation is
    largely removed from daily political and diplomatic
    pressures. One reason for this is that GOF counter-terrorism
    is itself separated from the rest of the government.
    France's intelligence-related agencies and coordinating
    bodies - of which the DST, the RG, the DGSE and the SGDN are
    primary examples - all deal with terrorism (although the DST
    has a primary role domestically), but their investigations
    and cases are guarded carefully and rarely shared with the
    rest of the GOF. Similarly, the renowned terrorism
    investigating judges - led by Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere -
    operate in a different world than that of the rest of the
    judiciary. In short, the GOF counter-terrorism community is
    highly professional, but insular and centralized in Paris.
    Because of this, judiciary and police services not directly
    involved in counter-terrorism (but who may play an indirect
    support role) have a largely insufficient understanding of
    USG counter-terrorism policy and the judicial/investigative
    procedures that frame this policy. To replace working-level
    and upper management, France's counter-terrorism community
    draws upon the available pool of judicial and security
    professionals, many of whom have little understanding of the
    U.S., its judicial/law enforcement system, and its law
    enforcement organizational structure and resource
    allocations. We need to reach these judicial and security
    professionals as they begin their careers, and not only when
    they enter the counter-terrorism community, sometimes with
    already-formed prejudices. To this end, Post proposes
    approaching the National Magistrate School, other
    professional academies, and programs for already serving law
    enforcement officials with offers to deliver lectures on U.S.
    approaches to terrorism and law enforcement. We would
    request assistance from Washington in developing these
    proposals. Although in this case, results would probably not
    be immediate, in the long run, the USG would have much to
    gain by exposing French judicial and security professionals
    to the U.S. counter-terrorism and law enforcement system at
    an early stage in their careers.
    LEACH

`