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The Anonymus refers also to the diastole, used both in vocal and in instrumental music as a mark of punctuation, separating what precedes from what follows.39 The manuscripts of the treatise give its shape as /: · or: · or :. The use of the double point has already been described. But in the papyri we find symbols of other forms being used in a more definitely separative function, and the name diastole would be properly applied to them. The Orestes papyrus and other Hellenistic fragments in the Vienna collection (3, 8) have the sign  in the poetic text,40 in some cases followed by instrumental notes which are thus marked off as something separate from the text though in the Orestes fragment there are also single instrumental notes in the text which are not so introduced. In one of the Vienna fragments a new section at which the music modulates is marked off by a large X in the text, with the direction phrygisti ('Phrygian mode/ key') written above it. In several of the later papyri a simple oblique stroke occurs here and there in the row of vocal notes.41 Its purpose appears to be to mark breaks of continuity due to major sense-pause, change of voice (in dialogue), end of a section, etc. In one of these fragments the end of a section or of a piece is celebrated by an ornamental  both in the notation line and in the text.42 |
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Development and diffusion of notation |
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The first Greek musical notation of which we have any knowledge appears to have been invented sometime before 450 BC in the northeast Peloponnese, a region associated at that time with some of the most active advances in musical theory and technique. The notation was preserved among musicians, perhaps especially auletes, and in time achieved wider geographical diffusion. We may guess, for instance, that it was taken up at Thebes, a city famous for its tradition of aulos playing. In the late fifth or the fourth century a less esoteric version of the system was produced for singers' use, employing the Ionic alphabet but basically following the principles of the older |
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(Footnote continued from previous page) |
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also id. in The Oxyrhynchus Papyri xxv (1959), 113ff.; Pöhlmann, Griechische Musikfragmente, 40-8, and DAM on individual pieces; M. W. Haslam in The Oxy- rhynchus Papyri xliv (1976), 63-5, 70-2, and liii (1986), 46 f. |
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39 Anon. Bellerm. 11 = 93. |
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40 It seems to be an enlarged version of the diastole  or hypodiastole  used in literary texts to clarify ambiguities of word division. |
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4132 PMichigan 2958; 45-46 POxy. 3161; perhaps 34 POxy. 3704. Four of the unpublished Oxyrhynchus papyri exhibit a number of diagonal streaks. starting below the line of notes. Their significance is so far obscure. |
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4246 POxy. 3161 fr. 3 verso 4. |
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