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# Index by Subject

This index can help you locate sutta translations, articles, transcribed talks, books, and other things on this website. This is not an exhaustive index: not every text is indexed here, nor have I included references to each and every occurrence of a given topic in the texts. Nevertheless, I hope you find it helpful in steering you in the right direction.

The tilde (~) stands for the head-word in a given entry. Titles enclosed in quotation marks represent short essays and individual chapters from books; books and longer works are shown in bold.

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See also:

- Glossary of Pali and Buddhist Terms
- Index by Author
- Index by Title
- Index of Suttas
- Index of Proper Names
- Index by Number
- Index of Similes

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | XYZ

## A

- Abhidhamma. See also Psychology and Buddhism.
  - Abhidhamma Pitaka
  - A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma (Introduction) (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- Adhitthana (determination, resolution). See also Paramis.
  - Four determinations: MN 140
- Adinava (drawbacks, dangers) See also Gradual instruction.
  - "Drawbacks" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - ~ of sensuality: MN 13, SN I.20, Iti 95
  - ~ of clingable phenomena: SN XII.52
  - ~ of aging, illness, and death: AN IV.252
  - ~ of supranormal powers: DN 11
  - ~ of unskillful thoughts: MN 20
  - As one of the ten Perceptions: AN X.60
- Admonishment. See also Speech.
  - "Right Speech" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - Making oneself easy to admonish: MN 21
  - The Buddha's strong words to his son Rahula: MN 61
  - What to do if someone just won't listen to reason: AN IV.111
- Aging. See also Death; Divine messengers; Illness.
  - The Buddha spits on ~: SN XLVIII.41
  - Description of ~: MN 9
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
  - "Aging" (Dhammapada XI)
  - Effects of ~ on the body: Thig XIII.1
  - How to train yourself when your body is old and decrepit: SN 22
  - You're never too old to realize the Dhamma -- listen to Ven. Sister Sona!: Thig V.8
  - One's age is no indication of one's wisdom: SN III.1
  - Advice to two aging brahmans: AN III.52, AN III.53
  - Study Guide: "Beyond Coping: The Buddha's Teachings on Aging, Illness, Death, and Separation"
  - "The 1st Noble Truth" in the Path to Freedom pages
- AIDS. See also Illness.
  - "Using Meditation to Deal with Pain, Illness and Death: A talk given to a conference on AIDS, HIV and other Immuno-deficiency Disorders" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - Study Guide: "Beyond Coping: The Buddha's Teachings on Aging, Illness, Death, and Separation"
- Anapanasati (mindfulness of breathing).
  - The Buddha's principal teaching on ~: MN 118
  - The Buddha explains to Ananda how ~ leads to Awakening: SN LIV.13
  - As one of the ten Recollections: See Recollections, ten.
  - As one of the ten Perceptions: AN X.60
  - As a method of subduing lust: SN VIII.4
  - As a method of subduing annoying thoughts: Iti 85
  - Anapana Sati: Meditation on Breathing (Ariyadhamma Mahathera)
  - "Basic Breath Meditation Instructions" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "A Guided Meditation" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - Breath Meditation Condensed (Upasika Kee Nanayon)
  - Keeping the Breath in Mind (Ajaan Lee)
  - See also many other books by Ajaan Lee and Ajaan Fuang.
- Anatta (not-self). See also Tilakkhana (three characteristics of existence).
  - Reflection on ~ as a basis for insight: SN XXII.59
  - Why the Buddha did not take a position on the question of whether or not there is a self: SN XLIV.10
  - Identifying the five khandhas as "self" is the cause of affliction: SN XXII.1
  - As one of the ten Perceptions: AN X.60
  - Relation of ~ to dependent co-arising: DN 15
  - Contemplation of the six senses in terms of ~: MN 148
  - Not understanding ~ is like being a dog tied to a post: SN XXII.99
  - "Consciousnesses" (Ajaan Lee)
  - "No-self or Not-self?" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "The Not-self Strategy" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - Meditating on No-self (Ayya Khema)
- Anger. See also Conflict; Ill-will (vyapada); Kilesa (defilements); Khanti (patience); Metta (loving-kindness); Nivarana (hindrances).
  - As one thing that's good to kill: SN I.71
  - What should you do if someone is angry with you?: SN VII.2
  - A heated debate between two deities concerning the best response to ~: SN XI.5
  - Does ~ carve into you like an inscription in stone?: AN III.133
  - ~ can never be conquered with more ~: Dhp 3
  - "Anger" (Dhammapada XVII)
  - Seven dangers of giving in to ~: AN VII.60
  - The Elimination of Anger (Piyatissa Thera)
- Anguttara Nikaya.
- Anicca (impermanence, inconstancy). See also Tilakkhana (three characteristics of existence).
  - As one of the ten Perceptions: AN X.60
  - Ponder ~ constantly: Thag I.111
  - Contemplate ~ to overcome ignorance: Iti 85
  - Everything in the world is subject to disintegration: SN XXXV.82
- Anusaya (obsession; underlying tendency).
  - Seven obsessions: AN VII.11; AN VII.12
  - Three obsessions in relationship to pleasant, painful, and neutral feeling: MN 44; MN 148; SN XXXVI.6
  - With the end of the categories of complication, the obsessions come to an end: MN 18
- Anussati -- see Recollections, ten
- Apaya-mukha (path to deprivation).
  - Advice to householders on how to avoid the ~: AN VIII.54, DN 31
  - "The Path to Peace and Freedom for the Mind," (Ajaan Lee)
- Appamada (heedfulness, zeal).
  - ~ is the foremost skillful quality (ten similes): AN X.15
  - As the one quality that can give us security: SN III.17
  - The Buddha's last words: DN 16, SN VI.15
  - "Heedfulness" (Dhammapada II)
  - Benefits of ~: Iti 23
  - Wake up!: Sn II.10
  - "A Note on Openness" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- Appropriate attention -- see Yoniso-manasikara.
- Arahant (fully-awakened being). See also Buddha; Nibbana.
  - Stock passage describing attainment of arahantship: AN VI.55
  - Stock passage describing the qualities of an ~: AN VI.55
  - Who can find fault in an ~?: Ud VII.6
  - Why an ~ continues meditating: SN XVI.5
  - Does an ~ feel pain?: SN I.38, SN IV.13
  - Does an ~ grieve?: SN XXI.2
  - An ~'s actions bear no kammic fruit, good or evil: AN III.34, Dhp 39, Dhp 267, Dhp 412
  - "Arahants" (Dhammapada VII)
  - "Brahmans" (Dhammapada XXVI)
  - Fate of ~ after death: MN 72, SN XXII.85, SN XXII.86
  - Nine unskillful acts an ~ is incapable of doing: AN IX.7
  - "The Conventional Mind, the Mind Released," in Straight From the Heart (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
- Ariya-atthangika magga -- see Noble Eightfold Path.
- Ariya sacca -- see Four Noble Truths.
- Asava (fermentations, effluents, outflows, taints). See also Kilesa.
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
  - The Buddha's principal teaching on ~: MN 2
  - Three ~: Iti 56, Iti 57
  - ~ and right view: MN 117
  - Six important aspects of ~ to be understood: AN VI.63
- Asoka (Indian King, r. 273-232 B.C.E.).
  - The Edicts of King Asoka (Ven. S. Dhammika)
  - That the True Dhamma Might Last a Long Time: Readings Selected by King Asoka (Thanissaro Bhikkhu, ed. and trans.)
- Asubha (unattractiveness, loathesomeness). See also Body, Sensuality.
  - Contemplation of ~ to maintain one's resolve towards celibacy: SN XXXV.127
  - Mastery of ~ is a quality to be developed: MN 152
  - Unattractiveness of the body as one of the ten Perceptions: AN X.60
  - Using contemplation of ~ to subdue lust: Iti 85; also "The Work of a Contemplative," in Things as They Are (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
  - Ven. Ananda's advice to Ven. Vangisa on overcoming lust: SN VIII.4
  - Ajaan Maha Boowa's story of conquering lust by contemplating ~: "An Heir to the Dhamma," in Straight From the Heart (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
  - Ven. Sister Subha plucks out an eye: Thig 14.1
- Attachment. See also Sensuality; Tanha (craving).
  - Is attachment to possessions a source of delight?: SN IV.8
  - ~ to loved ones as a cause of sorrow: SN XLII.11, Ud VIII.8
  - ~ to the body as a cause of further pain: Sn IV.2
- Attha-sila (the eight precepts) -- see Precepts.
- Aversion -- see Ill-will (vyapada).
- Avijja (ignorance). See also Kilesa (defilements); Paticca-samuppada (dependent co-arising).
  - As a yoke: AN IV.10
  - As a flood: SN XLV.171
  - "Ignorance" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
  - As the cause of wrong view, wrong resolve, etc.: SN XLV.1
  - As an obstruction: Iti 14
  - "Unawareness Converges...," in Straight From the Heart (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
  - "The Intricacies of Ignorance" (Upasika Kee Nanayon)
- Awakening. See also Nibbana; Vimutti (release).
  - Factors for ~: see Bojjhanga.
  - Is Awakening "gradual" or "sudden"?: Ud V.5
  - "The Meaning of the Buddha's Awakening" -- in Part III of Refuge: An Introduction to the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "A Refuge in Awakening" (Ajaan Lee)
- Awareness -- see Sati.
- Ayoniso manasikara (inappropriate attention). See also Yoniso manasikara (appropriate attention).
  - What to do when the mind is being consumed by unskillful thoughts: SN IX.11

## B

- Bala (the five strengths). See also Bodhipakkhiya-dhamma.
  - Definition of the ~: AN V.2
  - "The Five Strengths" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "Food for the Mind" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
  - "The Path of Strength," in Things as They Are (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
- Beginning meditation -- see Introduction to meditation practice.
- Bhava (becoming). See also Paticca-samuppada (dependent co-arising).
  - As a yoke: AN IV.10
  - As a flood: SN XLV.171
- Bhikkhu -- see Monastic Life.
- Biographies.
  - "A Sketch of the Buddha's Life: Readings from the Pali Canon" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - Account of the Buddha's life in Chapter 2 of Refuge: An Introduction to the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - Life of Maha-Moggallana (Hellmuth Hecker)
  - The Life of Sariputta (Nyanaponika Thera)
  - Maha Kaccana: Master of Doctrinal Exposition (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
  - Maha Kassapa: Father of the Sangha (Hellmuth Hecker)
  - Buddhist Women at the Time of the Buddha (Hellmuth Hecker)
  - The Autobiography of a Forest Monk (Ajaan Thate)
  - The Autobiography of Phra Ajaan Lee (Ajaan Lee)
- Birth -- see Jati.
- Bodhipakkhiya-dhamma (37 Wings to Awakening).
  - The Wings to Awakening: an Anthology from the Pali Canon (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - ~ and their relation to the six senses: MN 149
  - Prerequisites for the development of the ~: AN IX.1
  - As related to breath meditation: "Wings to Awakening" in The Skill of Release (Ajaan Lee)
  - Also look under each of its constituent seven sets:
    - Satipatthana (4 Frames of Reference);
    - Sammappadhana (4 Right Exertions);
    - Iddhipada (4 Bases of Power);
    - Indriya (5 Faculties);
    - Bala (5 Strengths);
    - Bojjhanga (7 Factors for Awakening);
    - Noble Eightfold Path.
- Body. See also Asubha; Attachment; Sensuality.
  - Mindfulness of the ~: see Satipatthana.
  - Thirty-two parts of the ~: Khp 3, A Chanting Guide
  - Foulness of ~: Sn I.11, Thag X.5
  - "Bodily Debts" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
- Bojjhanga (factors for Awakening). See also Bodhipakkhiya-dhamma.
  - See the suttas in the Bojjhanga-samyutta of the Samyutta Nikaya
  - "The Seven Factors for Awakening" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Brahmavihara (Divine abodes; sublime states). See also Metta; Karuna; Mudita; Upekkha.
  - Systematic cultivation of ~: SN XLII.8
  - Development of ~ as a way to ease the inevitable bad results of one's past bad deeds: SN XLII.8
  - The Four Sublime States (Nyanaponika Thera)
  - Five realizations that arise from concentration based on the ~: AN V.27
- Breath meditation -- see Anapanasati.
- Buddha. See also Arahant.
  - "A Sketch of the Buddha's Life: Readings from the Pali Canon" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - Epithets for the ~: "The many names for the Buddha" in "A Sketch of the Buddha's Life"
  - As a "shower of the way": MN 107
  - As one of the ten Recollections: see Recollections, ten.
  - Refuge: An Introduction to the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - Buddha's Awakening: See Tevijja (Threefold Knowledge)
- Burma -- see Myanmar.

## C

- Celibacy. See also Nekkhamma (renunciation); Restraint; Sensuality.
  - Five things that can easily overpower the mind of a woman or man: AN I.1-10
  - Tools to help maintain one's resolve towards ~: SN XXXV.127
  - Don't pretend to be celibate if you're not: Iti 48
  - "A Single Mind" (Ajaan Fuang)
- Ceremonies -- see Rituals.
- Chanting (Pali). See also Devotion; Rituals and Ceremonies.
  - The Book of Protection (Paritta) (Piyadassi Thera)
  - A Chanting Guide: Pali Passages with English Translations (Dhammayut Order)
- Characteristics of existence -- see Tilakkhana.
- Children. See also Parents; Family.
  - Three types of sons and daughters: Iti 74
  - At one time or another, we have all been each other's ~: SN XV.14
  - Grieving the death of ~: SN XLII.11, Ud II.7, Ud VIII.8
  - The anguish an aging parent feels when his ~ show no gratitude: SN VII.14
  - Showing the proper respect to one's parents: Iti 106
  - Childrens' duties to their parents: DN 31
  - Parents' duties to their children: DN 31
- Clinging -- see Upadana.
- Communal harmony. See also Monastic community (Sangha).
  - Six kinds of behavior that lead to amiability and communal harmony: AN VI.12
- Comparative Religions.
  - Do all religions point towards the same goal?: DN 21
  - Are all religious paths fruitful?: AN III.79
  - "A Buddhist Response to Contemporary Dilemmas of Human Existence" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
  - "Dhamma and Non-duality" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
  - "Tolerance and Diversity" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
  - "Towards a Threshold of Understanding" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
  - Vedanta and Buddhism: A Comparative Study (Helmuth von Glasenapp)
- Compassion -- see Karuna.
- Concentration -- see Samadhi.
- Conflict. See also Papañca; Ill-will (vyapada).
  - Causes of: Sn IV.8, Sn IV.11, Sn IV.15
- Conscience -- see Hiri.
- Consciousness -- see Viññana.
- Contact -- see Phassa.
- Contentment with little. See also Restraint.
  - As a vital support for practice: AN IV.28
  - As a quality of a great person: AN VIII.30
  - Live like a flying bird, whose wings are its only burden: DN 2, DN 11
- Conviction -- see Saddha.
- Copyright.
- Craving -- see Tanha.
- Creation (of universe) -- see Questions not worth asking.

## D

- Dana (generosity; liberality). See also Gradual instruction; Paramis.
  - "Generosity" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - As a treasure: AN VII.6
  - As one of the ten Recollections: see Recollections, ten.
  - To whom should one give gifts so as to reap the greatest fruit?: SN III.24, AN III.58
  - Giving to one who has abandoned the hindrances brings good results: SN III.24
  - Never regret a generous gift you gave in the past: SN III.20
  - Give while you're able, before your house burns to the ground!: SN I.41
  - Giving is best done at the proper time: AN V.36
  - The blessings inherent in the gift of food: AN V.37
  - Giving even one's last meal: Iti 26
  - The fruits of giving that arises from various motives: AN VII.49
  - The fruits of giving that can be reaped in this life: AN V.34
  - Two kinds of gifts: Iti 98, Iti 100
  - Gifts of Dhamma: Dhp 354, Iti 98, Iti 100
  - Citta the householder's final teaching on generosity: SN XLI.10
  - Give to many; don't be like a rainless cloud: Iti 75
  - Giving is good, but there is still more to be done: AN V.176
  - See the suttas in the Devata-samyutta of the Samyutta Nikaya
  - "The Economy of Gifts" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - Dana: The Practice of Giving (Bhikkhu Bodhi, ed.)
- Dasa-sila (the ten precepts). See also Sila (virtue).
  - "The Ten Precepts" in the Path to Freedom pages
- Death. See also Aging; Divine messengers; Grief; Illness; Maranasati (mindfulness of death); Murder; Samvega (spiritual urgency).
  - Five subjects for frequent recollection: AN V.57
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
  - Why do we grieve when a loved one dies?: SN XLII.11
  - Reflections on the brevity of life:
    - ~ comes rolling towards us, crushing everything in its path. Are you ready?: SN III.25
    - Life flies by, faster than any arrow. What are we to do?: SN XX.6
    - No shelter from aging and ~: SN II.19
  - As a call to abandon grief and lamentation: Sn III.8
  - The greatest protection for the layperson: Sn II.4
  - Overcoming ~ by regarding the world as empty: Sn V.15
  - Overcoming fear of ~: Thag XVI.1
  - Four ways of overcoming fear of ~: AN IV.184
  - Heedlessness leads one to ~: Dhp 21
  - Putting aside worries as ~ nears: AN VI.16
  - Citta's deathbed conversation with some devas: SN XLI.10
  - Ven. Ananda's grief over Ven. Sariputta's ~: SN XLVII.13
  - The Buddha's reaction to Ven. Sariputta's ~: SN XLVII.14
  - ~ by a runaway cow: MN 140, Ud I.10, Ud V.3
  - ~ by murder (see also Murder): Ud 4.3
  - ~ of daughter: Thig III.5
  - ~ of grandson: Ud VIII.8
  - ~ of son: MN 87, SN XLII.11 Ud II.7, Thig VI.1
  - ~ of spouse: AN V.49
  - Study Guide: "Beyond Coping: The Buddha's Teachings on Aging, Illness, Death, and Separation"
  - "Facing Death Without Fear" (Lily De Silva)
  - "The 1st Noble Truth" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "Our Real Home" (Ajaan Chah)
  - "The Last Sermon" in Inner Strength (Ajaan Lee)
  - Straight From the Heart (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
  - To The Last Breath -- Dhamma Talks on Living and Dying (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
- Defilements -- see Kilesa.
- Dependent Co-arising -- see Paticca-samuppada.
- Desire (as part of the Path; (dhamma-chanda)).
  - Does the ~ for Awakening get in the way of Awakening?: MN 126
  - Ven. Ananda's instructions to Unnabha: SN LI.15
  - "The Middleness of the Middle Way," in Things as They Are (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
- Desire (as defilement; lobha, kamacchanda, raga). See also Nivarana (hindrances); Kilesa (defilements); Tanha (craving).
  - ~ ties down the world: SN I.69
  - As the cause of suffering and stress: SN XLII.11
  - Why ~ and passion connected with the senses is worth abandoning: SN XXVII.1-8
  - Why ~ and passion connected with the khandha (aggregates) is worth abandoning: SN XXVII.10
  - Why ~ and passion connected with the dhatu (elements) is worth abandoning: SN XXVII.9
- Devas (celestial beings). See also Kamma; Planes of Existence, Thirty-One; Sagga (heaven).
  - Citta's deathbed conversation with some ~: SN XLI.10
  - Some ~ gather to see the Buddha on his deathbed: DN 16
  - A huge gathering of ~ visits the Buddha: DN 20
  - Conversations with the ~ as a basis for faith: DN 11
  - Occasions when the ~ raise a cheer for a meditator: Iti 82
  - Omens that a ~ is about to die: Iti 83
  - As one of the ten Recollections: see Recollections, ten
  - Teacher of the Devas (Susan Elbaum Jootla)
  - "The Thirty-One Planes of Existence" in the Path to Freedom pages
- Devotion. See also Relics; Rituals and Ceremonies.
  - The four Buddhist pilgrimage sites: DN 16
  - The Book of Protection (Paritta) (Piyadassi Thera)
  - A Chanting Guide: Pali Passages with English Translations (Dhammayut Order)
  - Matrceta's Hymn to the Buddha: An English Rendering of the Satapancasatka (Ven. S. Dhammika)
- Dhamma. See also Teaching the Dhamma.
  - Basic principles: AN VIII.53
  - Five rewards in listening to ~: AN V.202
  - How to listen to the ~: AN VI.88
  - As one of the ten Recollections: see Recollections, ten.
  - "Dhamma" in the Path to Freedom pages
- The Dhammapada.
  - The Living Message of the Dhammapada (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- Dhana (treasures) See also Wealth.
  - Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha: Khp 6
  - Seven ~: AN VII.7
  - "Trading Outer Wealth for Inner Wealth" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
- Dhatu (properties, elements).
  - The Buddha's explanation of the ~: MN 140
  - Why desire and passion connected with the ~ is worth abandoning: SN XXVII.9
- Digha Nikaya.
- Discernment -- see Pañña.
- Ditthi (views). See also Questions.
  - As a yoke: AN IV.10
  - As a flood: SN XLV.171
  - Wisdom has nothing to do with holding to this or that viewpoint: AN X.96
  - What is wrong view?: MN 117
  - The many kinds of wrong ~: MN 63, SN XLI.3 AN X.93
  - The thicket of wrong ~: MN 72
  - Attachment to ~ is the cause of disputes: Sn IV.8
  - "Right View" in the Path to Freedom pages
    - As a tool: "Beyond Right and Wrong" in Inner Strength (Ajaan Lee)
  - "From Views to Vision" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- Divine Messengers. See also Aging; Illness; Death.
  - "Meeting the Divine Messengers" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- Doubt (vicikiccha). See also Nivarana (hindrances); Saddha (conviction).
  - How can one be freed of all ~?: Sn V.5
  - Development of jhana as a means of overcoming ~: Ud V.7
- Downfall.
  - Causes of ~: Sn I.6
- Downloading.
  - Downloading the Entire Website (JTB)
  - Downloading Files from Access to Insight (JTB)
- Drawbacks -- see Adinava.
- Dread (moral) -- see Ottappa.
- Dreams.
  - Five ~ that appeared to the Buddha: AN V.196
  - How to ensure good ~: AN XI.16
  - Interpretation of ~ as a form of wrong livelihood for monks: DN 2, DN 11
- Drowsiness -- see Laziness.
- Dukkha (unsatisfactoriness; stress; suffering). See also Paticca-samuppada (dependent co-arising); Tilakkhana (three characteristics of existence).
  - Six important aspects of ~ to be understood: AN VI.63
  - ~ is inherent in everything the body and mind depend upon for nourishment: SN XII.63
  - "The Weight of Mountains" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "Dukkha" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "The 1st Noble Truth" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - Study Guide: "Beyond Coping: The Buddha's Teachings on Aging, Illness, Death, and Separation"

## E

- Effluents -- see Asava.
- Effort -- see Viriya.
- Eightfold Path -- see Noble Eightfold Path.
- Emptiness (Suññata).
  - In what way is world empty?: SN XXXV.85
  - Meditation practice that leads to the "entry into emptiness," the doorway to liberation: MN 121
  - Conquering death by seeing the world as empty: Sn V.15
  - Voidness of the five khandha: SN XXII.95
  - "Emptiness" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "Emptiness vs. the Void" (Upasika Kee Nanayon)
  - "From Ignorance to Emptiness," in Things as They Are (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
- Engaged Buddhism -- see Social action.
- Equanimity -- see Upekkha.
- Ethics -- see Sila.

## F

- Faculties, five -- see Indriya.
- Faith -- see Saddha.
- Family. See also Children; Lay practice; Parents.
  - How a family can preserve its wealth: AN IV.255
  - Qualities that hold a family together: AN IV.32
- Fear. See also Death.
  - In the wilderness, the Buddha comes face-to-face with his fear: MN 4
  - Ven. Adhimutta reveals his secret for overcoming fear: Thag 16
  - Four ways of overcoming fear of death: AN IV.184
  - Overcoming ~ by recollecting the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha: SN XI.3
  - "Subrahma's Problem" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- Feeling -- see Vedana.
- Fermentations -- see Asava.
- Fire imagery.
  - Used to describe the nature of clinging: SN XII.52
  - The Fire Sermon: SN XXXV.28
  - Fires of passion, aversion, and delusion: Iti 93
  - Fire as an illustration of the destiny of a fully Awakened being: MN 72
  - The Mind Like Fire Unbound: An Image in the Early Buddhist Discourses (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Forest traditions. See also Wilderness.
  - "The Customs of the Noble Ones" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - Thai forest traditions
- The Four Noble Truths (cattari ariya saccani). See also Gradual instruction.
  - The Buddha's first teaching on ~: SN LVI.11
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
  - Direct knowledge of ~ is a hallmark of a true contemplative: Iti 103
  - "The Four Noble Truths" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - Study Guide: "The Four Noble Truths"
  - "The 1st Noble Truth" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "The 2nd Noble Truth" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "The 3rd Noble Truth" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "The 4th Noble Truth" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "The Four Noble Truths" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "The Truth and its Shadows" in Inner Strength (Ajaan Lee)
  - "The Nobility of the Truths" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- Friendship (admirable) -- see Kalyanamittata.

## G

- Generosity -- see Dana.
- Giving -- see Dana.
- Goal of Buddhist practice -- see Nibbana.
- Good will -- see Metta.
- Gradual instruction (anupubbi-katha).
  - Mentioned in: Ud V.3
  - The Path to Freedom pages
  - See each of its constituent topics:
    - Dana (generosity)
    - Sila (virtue)
    - Sagga (heaven)
    - Adinava (drawbacks)
    - Nekkhamma (renunciation)
    - Four Noble Truths
  - For monks: MN 107
  - See the chapter "Dhamma" in Refuge: An Introduction to the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Grief. See also Death.
  - How to move beyond obsessive grieving: AN V.49
  - Do arahants grieve?: SN XXI.2
  - Death and loss are inevitable, but is ~?: Sn III.8
- Guilt -- see Hiri (moral shame).

## H

- Habitual patterns of thought: MN 19
- Happiness. See also Vedana (feeling).
  - True happiness lies beyond the realm of sensual pleasure: MN 75
  - How Nibbana is understood as happy and pleasant: AN IX.34
  - Sometimes confused with suffering: Sn III.12
  - Seeing even pleasurable feelings as stressful: SN XXXVI.5, Iti 53
  - There are many kinds and degrees of happiness; which one do you want?: DN 2, SN XXXVI.19, SN XXXVI.31, Iti 73
- Harmlessness -- see Non-harming.
- Hatred. See Ill-will (vyapada).
- Headache, Ven. Sariputta's "slight": Ud IV.4
- Heaven realms -- see Sagga.
- Heedfulness -- see Appamada.
- Hell (realm). See also Planes of Existence, Thirty-One; Sagga (heaven); Kamma.
  - As the destination for one with no discernment: Dhp 137
  - "Hell" (Dhammapada XXII)
  - Five grave deeds that lead to rebirth in ~: AN V.129
  - Causes of rebirth in ~: Iti 70
  - "The Thirty-One Planes of Existence" in the Path to Freedom pages
- Hindrances -- see Nivarana.
- Hiri (conscience, moral shame). See also Ottappa (moral dread).
  - Although your past bad deeds cannot be undone, you can overcome your guilt: SN XLII.8
  - As a basis for acquiring discernment: AN VIII.2
  - As a quality that safeguards the world: Iti 42
  - As a rare and fine quality: SN I.18
  - As a treasure: AN VII.6
  - Associated with skillful qualities: Iti 40
  - "The Road To Nibbana is Paved with Skillful Intentions" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "The Guardians of the World" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- History of Theravada Buddhism.
  - Buddhism in Myanmar: A Short History (Roger Bischoff)
  - Theravada Buddhism: A Chronology (JTB)
  - The Edicts of King Asoka (Ven. S. Dhammika)
  - "The Customs of the Noble Ones" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "(Upasika) Kee Nanayon and the Social Dynamic of Theravadin Buddhist Practice" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Holidays -- see Uposatha days.
- Homosexuality -- see Sexual identity.
- Householders. See also Family; Lay Buddhist practice; Marriage; Money; Precepts; Sensuality.
  - Showing the proper respect to one's parents: Iti 106
  - ~ are dependent on the monastic community (Sangha): Iti 107
  - ~ should put aside all worries as death nears: AN VI.16
  - Four kinds of bliss available to ~: AN IV.62
  - Citta the householder's final teaching on generosity: SN XLI.10
  - Household life is crowded and dusty: Sn III.1, Ud V.6

## I

- Ignorance -- see Avijja.
- Iddhipada (the four bases of power). See also Bodhipakkhiya-dhamma.
  - Benefits derived from: SN LI.20
  - The Buddha declines Mara's invitation to use the ~ for worldly aims: SN IV.20
  - "The Four Bases of Power" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Ill-will (vyapada). See also Anger; Conflict; Kilesa (defilements); Metta (loving-kindness); Nivarana (hindrances).
  - Ten reflections to help overcome hatred: AN X.80
  - ~ can never be conquered with more ~: Dhp 3
  - The sources of conflict and hostility: DN 21, MN 18
- Illness. See also Aging; Death; Divine messengers.
  - The Buddha attends to a sick monk: Mv VIII.26.1-8
  - The Buddha's advice to Maha Kassapa during a painful illness: SN XLVI.14
  - One need not be sick in mind just because one is sick in body: SN XXII.1
  - How even a sick person can realize Awakening: AN V.121
  - Ten perceptions that can heal body and mind: AN X.60
  - Even the best medicines for the body don't always work; here's one for the mind that does: AN X.108
  - Five qualities that make a sick person easy (or hard) to tend to: Mv VIII.26.1-8
  - Five qualities that make a good (or bad) nurse: Mv VIII.26.1-8
  - Study Guide: "Beyond Coping: The Buddha's Teachings on Aging, Illness, Death, and Separation"
  - "The 1st Noble Truth" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "A Good Dose of Dhamma for Meditators When They Are Ill" (Upasika Kee Nanayon)
  - A Handbook for the Relief of Suffering (Ajaan Lee)
  - Ministering to the Sick and Terminally Ill (Lily de Silva)
  - "Our Real Home" (Ajaan Chah)
  - Straight from the Heart (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
  - To the Last Breath: Dhamma Talks on Living and Dying (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
  - "The Last Sermon" in Inner Strength (Ajaan Lee)
  - "The Truth and its Shadows" in Inner Strength (Ajaan Lee)
  - "Using Meditation to Deal with Pain, Illness, and Death: A talk given to a conference on AIDS, HIV and other Immuno-deficiency Disorders" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Impermanence -- see Anicca.
- Indriya (Five mental faculties). See also Bodhipakkhiya-dhamma.
  - Look under each of its constituent members:
    - Saddha (conviction, faith)
    - Viriya (persistence, effort)
    - Sati (mindfulness)
    - Samadhi (concentration)
    - Pañña (discernment, wisdom)
  - A summary of the five faculties: SN XLVIII.10
  - See the suttas in the Indriya-samyutta of the Samyutta Nikaya
  - "The Five Faculties" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "The Path of Strength," in Things as They Are (Ajaan Maha Boowa);
  - The Way of Wisdom: The Five Spiritual Faculties (Edward Conze)
- Insight -- see Vipassana.
- Integrity -- see Stream-entry (sotapatti).
- Intention, intentional action -- see Kamma.
- Introduction to Buddhism. See also Introduction to meditation practice.
  - Buddhism: A Method of Mind Training (Leonard Bullen)
  - Buddhism in a Nutshell (Narada Thera)
  - Refuge: An Introduction to the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - BPS "Bodhi Leaves" on various topics
  - BPS Newsletter essays on various topics (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- Introduction to meditation practice. See also Lay Buddhist Practice; Meditation. Introduction to Buddhism.
  - "Basic Breath Meditation Instructions" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "A Guided Meditation" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "Right Attitude" (Ajaan Suwat)
  - Breath Meditation Condensed (Upasika Kee Nanayon)
  - Buddho (Ajaan Thate)
  - "The Path of Concentration and Mindfulness" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "Quiet Breathing" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
  - Starting Out Small: A Collection of Talks for Beginning Meditators (Ajaan Lee Dhammadharo)
  - Practical Advice for Meditators (Bhikkhu Khantipalo)
  - Anapana Sati: Meditation on Breathing (Ariyadhamma Mahathera)
  - Beginning Insight Meditation (Dorothy Figen)
  - Buddhist Meditation (Francis Story)
- Itivuttaka.

## J

- Jataka tales (stories from the Buddha's previous lives).
  - The chariot-maker: AN III.15
  - The story of prince Dighavu: Mv X.2.3-20
  - See the collection of Jataka stories "retold" in a series of "Bodhi Leaves" booklets
- Jati (birth). See also Aging; Death; Illness; Rebirth.
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
- Jhana (meditative absorption). See also Concentration; Nivarana (Hindrances); Noble silence.
  - Role of ~ in the development of discernment: AN IX-44
  - Goes hand-in-hand with discernment (pañña): Dhp 372
  - Paves the way to Nibbana: Dhp 372
  - Envied by the devas: Dhp 181
  - Practiced by enlightened ones: Dhp 23
  - A mark of heedfulness: Dhp 27, Dhp 371
  - Frees one from Mara's grasp: Dhp 276
  - A hallmark of a true brahman: Dhp 386, Dhp 395, Dhp 414
  - One day with ~ is better than a hundred years without: Dhp 110
  - "Jhana" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "Right Concentration" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "Right Concentration" (Ajaan Suwat)
  - The Craft of the Heart (Ajaan Lee)
  - The Jhanas in Theravada Buddhist Meditation (Henepola Gunaratana)
  - Keeping the Breath in Mind (Ajaan Lee)
  - "The Path of Concentration and Mindfulness" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Joy, appreciative/sympathetic -- see Mudita.

## K

- Kalyanamittata (admirable friendship). See also Teaching the Dhamma.
  - "Admirable friendship" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - As a prerequisite for the development of the wings to Awakening: AN IX.1
  - What is a true friend?: Sn II.3
  - Benefits of ~: AN IX.1
  - Having ~ is conducive to the ending of dukkha: Dhp 376
  - As a crucial support for Dhamma practice: Iti 17
  - As a way of uplifting your own inner potential: "Potential" (Ajaan Mun)
  - ~ is the whole of the holy life: SN XLV.2
  - Avoiding lazy people: Iti 78
  - Choose your friends carefully, for you become like them: Iti 76
  - What is good friendship for householders?: AN VIII.54
  - "Association with the Wise" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- Kamma (karma; intentional action). See also Devas; Hell; Planes of Existence, Thirty-One; Rebirth; Sagga (heaven).
  - "Intentional Action" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "Right Action" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - The laws of ~ and rebirth are as inviolable as the law of gravity: SN XLII.6
  - As one of the five subjects for frequent recollection: AN V.57
  - Reflect on your actions before, during, and after: MN 61
  - Six important aspects of ~ to be understood: AN VI.63
  - Actions of body, speech, and mind determine one's future course: MN 41
  - How to ease the inevitable bad results of one's past bad deeds: SN XLII.8
  - The rewards of skillful ~: AN VIII.40
  - The results of unskillful ~: AN VIII.40
  - The ten courses of skillful ~: AN X.176
  - The ten courses of unskillful ~: AN X.176
  - The difference between "old" and "new" ~: SN XXXV.145
  - When I perform an action, am I the same person when I experience its results, or am I a different person?: SN XII.46
  - Why do the results of bad deeds vary from one person to another?: AN III.101
  - The influence of present and past ~ on the development of skillful qualities: AN VI.86
  - Five bad actions that you should never do: AN V.129 (also AN V.87)
  - Trying to figure out the results of ~ is sure to drive you crazy: AN IV.77
  - Inner goodness is measured by the goodness of one's actions: AN IV.85
  - Act like a dog, and that's what you'll become: MN 57
  - How ~ accounts for the fortune and misfortune of beings: MN 135
  - A more detailed explanation of ~: MN 136
  - The Buddha's Words on Kamma (Ñanamoli Thera)
  - "Karma" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - Study Guide: "Kamma"
  - "Kamma and the Ending of Kamma" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "A Remedy for Despair" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
  - "A Refuge in Skillful Action," in Refuge: an Introduction to the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "The Road to Nirvana is Paved with Skillful Intentions" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "Samsara Divided by Zero" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "Skillfulness" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "The Thirty-One Planes of Existence" in the Path to Freedom pages
- Karuna (compassion). See also Brahmavihara.
  - As a factor leading to liberation: AN VI.13
  - Systematic practice of ~: SN XLII.8
  - Practicing ~ as a way to deal with annoying people: AN V.161
- Kayagatasati (mindfulness of the body). See also Satipatthana (frames of reference).
  - The Buddha's principal teaching on ~: MN 119
- Khandha (the five clinging-aggregates). See also Upadana (clinging); Vipassana (insight).
  - See the suttas in the Khandhavagga of the Samyutta Nikaya.
  - How we define ourselves in terms of the ~: SN XXII.36
  - A summary of the ~: SN XXII.48
  - Identification with the ~ as the cause of self-view: SN XXII.1
  - Identifying the five ~ as "self" is the cause of affliction: SN XXII.1
  - Voidness of the ~: SN XXII.95
  - Why desire and passion connected with the ~ is worth abandoning: SN XXVII.10
  - See each of its constituents:
    - Rupa (form)
    - Vedana (feeling)
    - Sañña (perception)
    - Sankhara (mental fashionings)
    - Viññana (consciousness)
- Khanti (patience, forbearance). See also Anger; Paramis.
  - How to develop ~: MN 21
  - Cultivating ~ while being beaten and stabbed (Ven. Punna's view): SN XXXV.88
  - A heated debate between two deities on the merits of ~: SN XI.5
- Khuddaka Nikaya.
- Kilesa (defilements -- passion (lobha), aversion (dosa), and delusion (moha) -- in their various forms). See also Anger; Asava; Avijja (ignorance); Nivarana (hindrances).
  - As a source of harm and suffering in the world: SN III.23
  - As putrefaction: AN III.129
  - As stains/enemies/murderers/etc.: Iti 88
  - Abandonment of ~ as a guarantee of non-return: Iti 1-8
  - ~ form the root of unskillful action: Iti 50
  - ~ burn like fire: Iti 93
  - ~ are like dirty stains on an otherwise clean cloth: MN 7
- Kusala (skillfulness, wholesomeness). See also Manners; Sila (virtue).
  - Understanding ~ and its opposite as the basis for Right View: MN 9
  - "The Lessons of Unawareness" in Inner Strength (Ajaan Lee)
  - "Skillfulness" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)

## L

- Lay Buddhist practice. See also Family; Parents; Householders; Marriage; Precepts.
  - Five subjects for frequent recollection: AN V.57
  - The duties of the layperson: Sn II.14
  - The layperson's code of conduct: DN 31
  - What it takes for a layperson to become a stream-winner: AN X.92
  - How a layperson can best work for the welfare of others: AN VIII.26
  - Five qualities of a sincere lay follower: AN V.175
  - Five rewards a layperson can expect for having conviction: AN V.38
  - Actions that only lead to one's downfall: Sn I.6
  - How skillful actions and choices can protect you: Sn II.4, Khp 5
  - Advice to wealthy householders: AN VIII.54
  - Development of the first six recollections should be done "even while you are busy at work, while you are resting in your home crowded with children": AN XI.13
  - Examples of lay stream-winners in the suttas (see Stream-entry):
  - How to recognize a lay stream-winner: AN V.179
    - Anathapindika: see his entry in the Index of Names
    - Nakula's mother: AN VI.16
    - Suppabuddha (the leper): Ud V.3
    - Visakha (a.k.a. "Migara's Mother"): see her entry in the Index of Names
    - 500 women who perish in a fire: Ud VII.10
  - Everyman's Ethics: Four Discourses by the Buddha, (Narada Thera, trans.)
  - Lay Buddhist Practice (Bhikkhu Khantipalo)
  - A Simple Guide to Life (Robert Bogoda)
  - A Chanting Guide: Pali Passages with English Translations (Dhammayut Order)
- Laziness -- see Sloth and Drowsiness (thina-middha).
- Listening. See also Speech.
  - How to listen to the Dhamma: AN VI.88
  - Five rewards in listening to Dhamma: AN V.202
  - "A Taste for the Dhamma," in Straight From the Heart (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
- Livelihood, Right.
  - Actors and comedians -- take note of Talaputa's lesson from the Buddha: SN XLII.2
  - Soldiers -- take note of Yodhajiva's lesson from the Buddha: SN XLII.3
  - "Right Livelihood" in the Path to Freedom pages
- Lokadhamma (worldly conditions).
  - The failings of the world: AN VIII.6
  - "First Things First" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
  - "Nightsoil for the Heart" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
- Loving-kindness -- see Metta.
- Lust -- see Sensuality.

## M

- Majjhima Nikaya.
- Manners. See also Kusala (skillfulness); Sila (virtue).
  - Respectable people have good manners: AN VII.64
  - Etiquette and duties for monks: Cv VIII
  - "Serving a Purpose" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
- Mara.
  - Ten armies of: Sn III.2
  - See Mara in the Index of Proper Names.
  - Turning the forces of Mara to our advantage: "The Demons of Defilement" (Ajaan Lee)
- Maranasati (mindfulness of death). See also Death; Illness; Satipatthana (frames of reference).
  - Death can come at any time; are you ready?: AN VI.20
  - Mindfulness of death should be developed continuously: AN VI.19
  - As one of the ten Recollections: see Recollections, ten.
  - "Mindfulness of Death: Insight Meditation" (Ajaan Lee)
  - Buddhist Reflections on Death (V.F.Gunaratna)
  - To the Cemetery and Back (Leonard Price)
  - Words Leading to Disenchantment: Two Essays (Soma Thera)
- Marriage. See also Lay Buddhist Practice.
  - How to ensure that you'll be with your spouse in future lives: AN IV.55
  - "A Single Mind" (Ajaan Fuang)
  - Spouses' duties to each other: DN 31
  - "I'd like to have a Buddhist wedding. Any suggestions?" (Frequently-Asked Question)
- Meditation. See also Anapanasati (mindfulness of breathing); Introduction to Meditation; Maranasati (mindfulness of death); Metta (loving-kindness); Satipatthana (foundations of mindfulness); Recollections, ten.
  - ~ is practiced for both one's own and others' benefit: SN XVI.5, SN XLVII.19, AN V.20, AN VII.64
  - Why bother meditating in the hopes of some future reward when sensual pleasures are available right now?: SN I.20
  - Isn't meditation simply a useless and unproductive activity?: SN VII.17
  - ~ is a skill to be developed: AN IX.35, AN IX.36
  - The danger of overestimating one's meditation progress: MN 105
  - Calendar of uposatha observance days
  - Practical Advice for Meditators (Bhikkhu Khantipalo)
- Merit -- see Puñña.
- Metta (loving-kindness, good will). See also Brahmavihara; Paramis.
  - Karaniya Metta Sutta (Discourse on Loving-kindness): Sn I.8 and Khp 9
  - As a protection against harm: SN XX.5, AN IV.67
  - As a factor leading to liberation: AN VI.13
  - Systematic practice of ~: SN XLII.8
  - Eleven benefits of ~: AN XI.16
  - Even more fruitful than giving: SN XX.4
  - Course of rebirths to be expected from those who cultivate ~: AN IV.125
  - Maintain thoughts of ~ no matter how others address you: MN 21
  - No one is dearer to one than oneself: Ud V.1
  - The radiant brightness of ~: Iti 27
  - As a basis for the development of jhana: AN VIII.63
  - Practicing ~ as a way to deal with annoying people: AN V.161
  - Metta: The Philosophy and Practice of Universal Love (Acharya Buddharakkhita)
  - The Practice of Loving-kindness (metta) (Ñanamoli Thera)
- Middle way (Majjhima-patipada).
  - Avoiding extreme views: SN XII.15
  - Buddha's first teachings on the ~: SN LVI.11
  - Middle way between indulgence in sensuality and adherence to fixed rituals and precepts: Ud VI.8
  - Dependent co-arising as a "middle way" between extremes of views: SN XII.48
  - "The Middleness of the Middle Way," in Things as They Are (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
- Mindfulness -- see Sati.
- Mind-reading.
  - One's own mind: AN X.51
  - Another's mind: See Supranormal powers
  - Reading the Mind (Upasika Kee Nanayon)
- Modesty.
  - As a quality of a great person: AN VIII.30
- Monastic Life. See also Vinaya; Work, monastics'.
  - Why it took Ven. Sona so long to go forth: Ud V.6
  - Ten things for monks to reflect on constantly: AN X.48
  - The fruits of the homeless life: DN 2
  - Gradual training for monks: MN 107
  - How to bring harmony to the community: AN VI.12
  - Five exhortations for new monks: AN V.114
  - What it means to live free of society: SN XXII.3
  - Do monks really do any useful work?: Sn I.4
  - A monk's duties: Cv VIII
  - What makes a monk worthy of respect?: AN III.97
  - The Autobiography of a Forest Monk (Ajaan Thate)
  - The Autobiography of Phra Ajaan Lee (Ajaan Lee)
  - The Bhikkhus' Rules -- A Guide for Laypeople: The Theravadin Buddhist Monk's Rules Compiled and Explained (Bhikkhu Ariyesako)
  - The Buddhist Monastic Code, Volume I: The Patimokkha Training Rules Translated and Explained (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - The Buddhist Monastic Code, Volume II: The Khandhaka Rules Translated and Explained (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "Duties of the Sangha" (Ajaan Lee)
  - Going Forth: A Call to Buddhist Monkhood (Sumana Samanera)
  - Things as They Are (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
  - With Robes and Bowl (Bhikkhu Khantipalo)
- Money. See also Householders; Wealth.
  - ~ can't buy true happines: AN X.47
  - Advice to wealthy householders: AN VIII.54
  - "The Economy of Gifts" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Monk -- see Monastic Life.
- Moral dread -- see Ottappa.
- Moral shame -- see Hiri.
- Morality -- see Sila.
- Mudita (appreciative/sympathetic joy). See also Brahmavihara.
  - As a factor leading to liberation: AN VI.13
  - Systematic cultivation of ~: SN XLII.8
  - A Fistful of Sand (Ajaan Suwat)
- Murder. See also Death.
  - Fate of those who commit ~: MN 135, SN III.25
- Myanmar (Burma).
  - Buddhism in Myanmar: a Short History (Roger Bischoff)

## N

- Nama-rupa (name-and-form, mind-and-matter, mentality-materiality). See also Paticca-samuppada (dependent co-arising).
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
  - Mutual dependence of consciousness and ~: SN XII.67
- Nekkhamma (renunciation). See also Celibacy; Gradual instruction; Paramis; Restraint; Sensuality.
  - "Renunciation" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - The bliss of ~: Ud II.10
  - Appreciating the value of ~ is a crucial first step in practice: AN IX.41
  - ~ goes "against the flow" (of craving): Iti 109
  - As the basis for shedding fear of death: AN IV.184
  - As the escape from sensuality: Iti 72
  - As a cause for sleeping at ease: AN III.35
  - As a profound kind of rest: Sn V.11, AN III.39
  - "Trading Candy for Gold: Renunciation as a Skill" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - Renunciation (T. Prince)
  - Relationship to compassion: "The Balanced Way" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- Nibbana (Unbinding, extinguishing). See also Arahant; Awakening; Parinibbana; Stream-entry; Vimutti (release).
  - "Nibbana" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "The 3rd Noble Truth" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - The foremost: Dhp 184
  - The foremost ease: Dhp 202
  - Heedfulness leads one to ~: Dhp 21, Dhp 32
  - A hallmark of a true brahman: Dhp 414
  - ~ is the goal; there's nothing beyond it: MN 144
  - ~ is beyond Mara's reach: SN IV.19
  - Two forms of ~ (with fuel remaining, and without fuel remaining): Iti 44
  - Four qualities to develop that lead one towards ~: AN IV.37
  - Pleasure of ~ exceeds all others: AN IX.34
  - ~ is not a "source" or "ground" from which phenomena arise: MN 1
  - "Dhamma and Non-duality" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
  - "Nibbana" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "Samsara Divided by Zero" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - The Mind Like Fire Unbound: An Image in the Early Buddhist Discourses (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Nivarana (hindrances). See also Anger; Desire; Jhana; Kilesa.
  - See each of the five hindrances individually:
    - Sensual desire (kamacchanda)
    - Ill-will (vyapada)
    - Sloth and Drowsiness (thina-middha)
    - Restlessness and worry (uddhacca-kukkucca)
    - Doubt (vicikiccha)
  - Feeding and starving the ~: SN XLVI.51
  - Giving to one who has abandoned the ~ brings good results: SN III.24
  - ~ are to be conquered in all postures: Iti 111
  - "Concentration: Abandoning the Hindrances" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - The Elimination of Anger (Piyatissa Thera)
  - The Five Mental Hindrances and Their Conquest (Nyanaponika Thera)
  - "The Mind Aflame" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
  - The Removal of Distracting Thoughts (Soma Thera)
  - "Right Concentration" (Ajaan Suwat)
- Noble Eightfold Path (ariya-atthangika magga). See also Bodhipakkhiya-dhamma.
  - "The 4th Noble Truth" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - The individual factors of the Path:
    - 1. Right View (Samma-ditthi).
      - "Right View" in the Path to Freedom pages
      - What is Right View?: MN 9
      - ~ is to be used to the point of overcoming attachment to all views: Sn IV.3
      - As a tool: "Beyond Right and Wrong" in Inner Strength (Ajaan Lee)
      - "From Views to Vision" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
    - 2. Right Resolve/Intention (Samma-sankappo). See also Non-harming.
      - "Right Resolve" in the Path to Freedom pages
      - ~ is to be maintained in all postures: Iti 110
      - "The Road to Nirvana is Paved with Skillful Intentions" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
    - 3. Right Speech (Samma-vaca). See also Speech.
      - "Right Speech" in the Path to Freedom pages
      - "Right Speech" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
    - 4. Right Action (Samma-kammanto).
      - "Right Action" in the Path to Freedom pages
    - 5. Right Livelihood (Samma-ajivo).
      - "Right Livelihood" in the Path to Freedom pages
    - 6. Right Effort (Samma-vayamo).
      - "Right Effort" in the Path to Freedom pages
    - 7. Right Mindfulness (Samma-sati).
      - "Right Mindfulness" in the Path to Freedom pages
    - 8. Right Concentration (Samma-samadhi).
      - "Right Concentration" in the Path to Freedom pages
      - The central role of ~ in the Eightfold Path: MN 117
  - The Craft of the Heart (part II) (Ajaan Lee)
  - "The Noble Eightfold Path" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - The Noble Eigthfold Path: The Way to the End of Suffering (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
  - "The Outer Space of the Mind," in Things as They Are (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
  - "The Path to Peace and Freedom for the Mind," (Ajaan Lee)
  - "The Prison World vs. the World Outside," in Straight From the Heart (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
- Noble silence (second jhana).
  - No-thinking: Thag XIV.1
  - As a cause for the arising of wisdom: AN VIII.2
  - Either speak Dhamma, or keep noble silence: Ud II.2
- Non-dualism.
  - "Dhamma and Non-duality" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- Non-harming, Non-violence. See also Right Resolve in Noble Eightfold Path.
  - Leads to happiness after death: Dhp 132
  - As a supporting condition for Awakening: Dhp 270
  - How a wise person moves in society: Dhp 49
  - "The Rod" (Dhammapada X)
  - Study Guide: "Non-violence"
- Not-self -- see Anatta.
- Nutriment (ahara).
  - Four types of physical and mental nutriment: SN XII.63; SN XII.64;
  - The need for nutriment is what all beings have in common: Khp 1
- Nymphs, dove-footed: Ud III.2

## O

- Ottappa (moral dread; concern for the results of evil actions). See also Hiri (conscience).
  - As a treasure: AN VII.6
  - As a quality that safeguards the world: Iti 42
  - "The Guardians of the World" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)

## P

- Pain. See also Illness; Vedana (feeling).
  - Don't add mental ~ to your physical ~!: SN XXXVI.6
  - The Buddha shows by example how best to handle physical pain: SN I.38, SN IV.13
  - Mindfulness protects us from falling into ~'s bottomless pit of despair: SN XXXVI.4
  - Preventing physical ~ from invading the mind: SN LII.10
  - As one of the eight worldly conditions: AN VIII.6
  - Avoiding evil deeds as a way to avoid ~: Ud V.4
  - The origin of pleasure and ~: SN XII.25
  - "The Details of Pain" (Upasika Kee Nanayon)
  - Straight from the Heart (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
- Pali canon.
- Pali language.
  - A Chanting Guide: Pali Passages with English Translations (Dhammayut Order)
  - A Guide to Learning the Pali Language
  - Glossary of Pali and Buddhist Terms
  - The role of ~ in Theravada
  - KR Norman's Pali fonts
- Pañca-sila (the five precepts) -- see Precepts
- Pañña (discernment, wisdom). See also Paramis.
  - How to recognize a wise person: AN III.2
  - What is the difference between a fool and a wise person?: SN XII.19
  - Eight requisite conditions for ~: AN VIII.2
  - Which comes first: concentration or ~?: AN III.74
  - Goes hand-in-hand with jhana: Dhp 372
  - As a treasure: AN VII.6
  - "Discernment" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "The Lessons of Unawareness" in Inner Strength (Ajaan Lee)
  - "Observe and Evaluate" in Inner Strength (Ajaan Lee)
- Papañca (complication, proliferation).
  - As a cause of conflict in the mind: MN 18, DN 21
- Paramis (perfections).
  - Look under each of its constituent factors:
    - Dana (generous action)
    - Sila (virtue)
    - Nekkhamma (renunciation)
    - Pañña (wisdom, discernment)
    - Viriya (energy, effort)
    - Khanti (patience)
    - Sacca (truthfulness)
    - Adhitthana (determination, resolution)
    - Metta (loving-kindness, goodwill)
    - Upekkha (equanimity)
  - Study Guide: "The Ten Perfections"
- Parents. See also Children; Family.
  - The anguish an aging ~ feels when his children show no gratitude: SN VII.14
  - ~ should at least make sure that their children grow up to respect the precepts: Iti 74
  - One's ~ should be respected as great teachers and devas: Iti 106
  - Supporting one's ~: Sn II.4
  - At one time or another, we have all been each other's ~: SN XV.14
  - Reverence for one's ~ as a blessing: Dhp 332
  - Childrens' duties to their parents: DN 31
  - Parents' duties to their children: DN 31
- Parinibbana (total release; complete liberation). See also Nibbana.
  - Eye-witness accounts of the Buddha's ~: SN VI.15
- Parisa (Buddha's following).
  - Householders and monastics depend upon each other: Iti 107
  - "The Economy of Gifts" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Pasada (clarity and serene confidence). See also Samvega.
  - "Affirming the Truths of the Heart: The Buddhist Teachings on Samvega and Pasada" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Paticca-samuppada (Dependent co-arising). See also Samsara.
  - If you think you understand ~, as did Ven. Ananda, think again!: DN 15
  - How the world arises and falls according to ~: SN XII.44
  - A synopsis of ~: SN XII.2
  - Mutual dependence of consciousness and name-and-form: SN XII.67
  - Buddha's rediscovery of ~ on the eve of his Awakening: SN XII.65
  - As a cause for the arising of right view: SN XII.15
  - As a cause for the cessation of wrong views: SN XII.20
  - As a cause for the ending of the asava (effluents): SN XII.23
  - As a framework for cultivating skillfulness: "Kamma and the Ending of Kamma" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - As a "middle way" between extremes of views: SN XII.48
  - The Buddha reflects on ~ for seven days after his Awakening: Ud I.1-3
  - The origin of pleasure and pain: SN XII.25
  - "The 3rd Noble Truth" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - Transcendental Dependent Arising: A Translation and Exposition of the Upanisa Sutta (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
  - An extended treatment of ~ by the Buddha: DN 15
  - See each of its constituent factors:
    - Avijja (ignorance)
    - Sankhara (mental fabrications)
    - Viññana (consciousness)
    - Nama-rupa (name-and-form)
    - Salayatana (six sense-media)
    - Phassa (contact)
    - Vedana (feeling)
    - Tanha (craving)
    - Upadana (clinging)
    - Bhava (becoming)
    - Jati (birth)
    - Dukkha (suffering, unsatisfactoriness)
- Patience -- see Khanti.
- Patimokkha (monks' and nuns' rules of conduct). See also Vinaya.
  - The Bhikkhu Patimokkha
- Perception -- see Sañña.
- Perfections -- see Paramis.
- Peta loka (realm of the hungry ghosts/shades). See also Planes of Existence, Thirty-One.
  - Ajaan Lee's description, in "Knowledge"
  - "The Thirty-One Planes of Existence" in the Path to Freedom pages
- Phassa (contact). See also Paticca-samuppada (dependent co-arising).
  - As the conjunction of sense-base + sensory object + sense consciousness: MN 148
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
- Piti (rapture; bliss) See also Jhana.
  - The pleasure and joy of ~:AN V.176
- Planes of Existence, Thirty-One. See also Devas; Hell; Kamma; Peta loka (realm of the hungry ghosts/shades); Sagga (heaven); Samsara.
  - "The Thirty-One Planes of Existence" in the Path to Freedom pages
- Pleasure. See also Happiness; Pain; Sensuality; Vedana (feeling).
  - The origin of ~ and pain: SN XII.25
  - As one of the eight worldly conditions: AN VIII.6
- Precepts. See also Lay Buddhist practice; Refuge; Sila.
  - Pañcasila -- the Five Precepts (for lay men and women)
    - The precepts as a gift to oneself and others: AN VIII.39
    - The rewards of observing the precepts: AN VIII.39
    - The consequences of failing to observe the precepts: AN VIII.40
    - "A Discipline of Sobriety" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
    - "The Five Precepts" in the Path to Freedom pages
    - The Craft of the Heart (Ajaan Lee)
  - Atthasila -- the Eight Precepts (for lay men and women)
    - How the ~ practices are to be practiced: AN VIII.43
    - Right and wrong ways of observing ~: AN III.71
    - "The Eight Precepts" in the Path to Freedom pages
    - The Craft of the Heart (Ajaan Lee)
  - Dasasila -- the Ten Precepts (for novice monks and nuns)
  - The Patimokkha (227 precepts for ordained monks); see also Vinaya.
- Protection. See also Precepts; Sila.
  - The greatest ~ for the layperson: Sn II.4
  - Restraint -- the Buddha's defense policy: SN III.5
  - Metta (loving kindness) as a ~ against harm: SN XX.5, AN IV.67
  - Ten qualities that provide ~ for the mind: AN X.17
  - Watching over oneself, one protects others; watching over others, one protects oneself: SN XLVII.19
  - Protection Through Satipatthana (Nyanaponika Thera)
  - The Book of Protection (Paritta) (Piyadassi Thera)
- Psychic powers -- see Supranormal powers.
- Pschology and Buddhism. See also Abhidhamma.
  - Abhidhamma Pitaka
  - Buddhist Meditation and Depth Psychology (Douglas M. Burns)
- Puñña (merit, inner wealth).
  - As a blessing: Dhp 331
  - ~ accumulates slowly, like water dripping into a pot: Dhp 122
  - Benefits of ~ in this life and the next: Dhp 16, Dhp 18
  - Infidelity erodes one's accumulated ~: Dhp 310
  - How to gain immeasurable ~: Dhp 195
  - Do meritorious deeds to increase your store for future lives: SN III.20
  - Don't be afraid of ~: Iti 22
  - The arahant's actions bear no kammic fruit, good or evil: Dhp 39, Dhp 267, Dhp 412
  - Repeated performance of meritorious deeds brings ease: Dhp 118
  - Three grounds for meritorious action: Iti 60
  - As a fund to be looked after: Khp 8
  - As the means of attaining true happiness: AN V.43
  - Is making ~ the best one can aspire to in this short life?: SN II.19
  - "Merit," in Awareness Itself (Ajaan Fuang)
  - "Merit and Spiritual Growth" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)

## Q

- Quarreling -- see Conflict.
- Questions. See also Ditthi (views); Yoniso manasikara (appropriate attention).
  - Four types of ~: AN IV.42
  - ~ not worth asking: MN 2, AN IV.77, AN X.69
  - ~ best answered by silence: SN XLIV.10
  - How the Buddha handles difficult ~: MN 72
  - "Questions of Skill" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)

## R

- Radiant Mind
  - The inherent radiance of mind: AN I.49
  - "The Radiant Mind is Unawareness," in Straight From the Heart (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
- Rapture -- see Piti.
- Realms of Existence -- see Planes of Existence.
- Rebirth. See also Hell; Jati (birth); Kamma; Sagga (heaven).
  - The skillfulness of one's actions in life determine one's destination after death: Dhp 17, Dhp 18, Dhp 240
  - Causes of favorable or unfavorable ~: MN 135, AN III.65, Dhp 310, Dhp 316
  - The laws of kamma and ~ are as inviolable as the law of gravity: SN XLII.6
  - What's so bad about being reborn?: SN V.6
  - Why not just settle for rebirth among the devas?: SN V.7
  - The preciousness of our human birth: SN XX.2, SN LVI.48
  - ~ witnessed by Buddha on the night of his Awakening: See Buddha's Awakening.
  - "Dhamma Without Rebirth?" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
  - "The Thirty-One Planes of Existence" in the Path to Freedom pages
- Recollections, ten (anussati).
  - Recollection of the Buddha (buddhanussati): SN XI.3, AN III.71, AN XI.12, AN XI.13
  - Recollection of the Dhamma (dhammanussati): SN XI.3, AN III.71, AN XI.12, AN XI.13
    - As a governing principle: AN III.40
  - Recollection of the Sangha (sanghanussati): SN XI.3, AN III.71, AN XI.12, AN XI.13
  - Recollection of one's own virtues (silanussati): AN III.71, AN XI.12, AN XI.13
  - Recollection of one's own generosity (caganussati): AN XI.12, AN XI.13
  - Recollection of the devas (devatanussati): AN III.71, AN XI.12, AN XI.13
  - Mindfulness of death (maranasati) (see also Satipatthana).
  - Mindfulness of the body (kayagatasati) (see also Satipatthana).
  - Mindfulness of breathing (anapanasati) (see also Satipatthana).
  - Recollection of peace (upasamanussati): Iti 90
  - Study Guide: "The Ten Recollections"
- Refuge. See also Precepts; Tiratana (the Three Gems).
  - The formula for going for ~: Khp 1
  - The supreme ~: Dhp 188
  - The Dhamma as one's island and ~: DN 16, SN XLVII.13, SN XLVII.14
  - "A Refuge in Awakening" (Ajaan Lee)
  - "The Threefold Refuge" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "What is the Triple Gem?" (Ajaan Lee)
  - "Free at Last" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
  - Going for Refuge/Taking the Precepts (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
  - Refuge: an Introduction to the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Relics. See also Devotion.
  - Origin of relic-worship: DN 16
  - "A Note on the Relics of Sariputta and Maha Moggallana" in The Life of Sariputta (Nyanaponika Thera)
  - Autobiography of Phra Ajaan Lee (Ajaan Lee)
- Remorse. See also Sila.
  - Two causes of ~: Iti 30
  - Two causes of no ~: Iti 31
  - Freedom from ~ is the purpose of developing sila (virtue): AN XI.1, AN XI.2
- Renunciation -- see Nekkhamma.
- Respect.
  - As a basis for acquiring discernment: AN VIII.2
  - As a basis for keeping the Dhamma alive for a long time: AN VII.56
  - Is there anyone worthy of greater respect than the Buddha?: SN VI.2
  - "Opening the Door to the Dhamma: Respect in Buddhist Thought & Practice" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "First Things First" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
  - "Respect for the Truth" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
  - "Visakha Puja" (Ajaan Lee)
- Restraint. See also Celibacy; Contentment with little; Nekkhamma (renunciation); Sensuality.
  - Definition of ~: SN XXXV.206
  - Benefits of ~: Dhp 7, Dhp 9, Dhp 116, Dhp 360, Dhp 362
  - As the best protection against harm: SN III.5
  - As a hallmark of a true brahman Dhp 391
  - ~ paves the way to Nibbana: Dhp 289
  - As a refuge: AN III.53
  - As a support to meditation: DN 2
  - ~ is like a tortoise protecting itself by withdrawing safely into its shell: SN XXXV.199
  - Moderation with respect to the four requisites: AN VII.64
  - Contentment with little: DN 11
  - A deva encourages a monk to restrain his wandering mind: SN IX.1
  - "Stop, Look, and Let Go" (Upasika Kee Nanayon)
- Revenge.
  - The story of Prince Dighavu: Mv X.2.3-20
- Right Action -- see Noble Eightfold Path.
- Right Concentration -- see Noble Eightfold Path.
- Right Effort -- see Noble Eightfold Path.
- Right Intention -- see Noble Eightfold Path.
- Right Livelihood -- see Noble Eightfold Path.
- Right Mindfulness -- see Noble Eightfold Path.
- Right Resolve -- see Noble Eightfold Path.
- Right Speech -- see Noble Eightfold Path.
- Right View -- see Noble Eightfold Path.
- Rituals and ceremonies. See also Devotion; Lay Buddhist practice.
  - Rites don't purify the heart; skillful actions do: AN X.176
  - Rituals alone can't take one beyond aging and death: Sn V.3
  - Rites and protective charms should be avoided by lay followers: AN V.175
  - The best protection comes not from rituals but from generous, moral, and wise actions: Khp 5
  - Water ablutions cannot wash away one's past bad kamma: Thig XII.1
  - The Book of Protection (Paritta) (Piyadassi Thera)
  - Buddhist Ceremonies and Rituals of Sri Lanka (A.G.S. Kariyawasam)
  - A Chanting Guide: Pali Passages with English Translations (Dhammayut Order)

## S

- Sacca (truthfulness). See also Paramis.
  - "The Honest Truth" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
- Saddha (faith; conviction). See also Doubt; "Conviction" in the Subject Index of The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu).
  - Five rewards a layperson can expect for having ~: AN V.38
  - As a treasure: AN VII.6
  - "Conviction" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - Relationship between faith and critical inquiry: "Two Faces of the Dhamma" (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- Sagga (heaven realms). See also Devas; Gradual instruction; Hell; Kamma; Planes of Existence, Thirty-One.
  - A rare destination: Dhp 174
  - Causes of rebirth in ~: Iti 71
  - Proper use of wealth leads to rebirth in ~: SN III.19
  - "Heaven" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "The Thirty-One Planes of Existence" in the Path to Freedom pages
- Sakkaya-ditthi (self-identity view, personality-belief). See also Ditthi (views).
  - Like grabbing hold of a branch with a sticky hand: AN IV.178
  - How ~ comes about: MN 109
  - How to develop ~: MN 148
  - How to relinquish ~: MN 148
  - What is the origin of self-view?: SN XLI.3
  - Identifying the five khandhas as "self" is the cause of affliction: SN XXII.1
- Salayatana (the six sense doors). See also Paticca-samuppada (dependent co-arising); Sensuality.
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
  - Contemplation of ~ in terms of not-self: MN 148
  - Why desire and passion connected with the ~ is worth abandoning: SN XXVII.1
  - See the suttas in the Salayatana-samyutta of the Samyutta Nikaya.
- Samadhi (concentration). See also Jhana; Samatha (tranquillity, calm).
  - "Right Concentration" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "Jhana" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - ~ is to be developed in all postures: Iti 111
  - Five-factored noble ~: AN V.28
  - Not every state of ~ is wholesome: MN 108
  - Five realizations that arise from ~ based on the Brahma-viharas: AN V.27
  - Which comes first: ~ or wisdom?: AN III.74
  - Four developments of ~: AN IV.41
  - Wrong concentration (miccha-samadhi): "Loyalty to Your Meditation" (Ajaan Lee)
  - Basic Themes (Ajaan Lee)
  - "Lessons in Samadhi" in Keeping the Breath in Mind (Ajaan Lee)
  - "The Path of Concentration and Mindfulness" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Samatha (tranquillity, calm). See also Samadhi (concentration); Vipassana (insight).
  - ~ is developed in tandem with vipassana (insight): SN XXXV.205, AN II.29, AN IV.170, AN X.71
  - Relation to vipassana (insight): "One Tool Among Many: The Place of Vipassana in Buddhist Practice" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Sammappadhana (the four right exertions). See also Bodhipakkhiya-dhamma; Viriya (persistence, effort).
  - "The Four Right Exertions" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Sampajañña (alertness).
  - As a component of mindfulness: SN XLVIII.10
  - Frames of Reference (Ajaan Lee)
  - "The Path of Concentration and Mindfulness" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Samsara (the round of rebirth). See also Kamma (intentional action); Paticca-samuppada (dependent co-arising); Planes of Existence, Thirty-One.
  - "The Round of Rebirth" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - Lasts long for fools: Dhp 60
  - Four causes of our long journey in ~: AN IV.1
  - All the tears we have shed in ~: SN XV.3
  - We have suffered hardship in past times: SN XV.11
  - We have enjoyed happiness in past times: SN XV.12
  - We wander from birth to birth, as a falling stick sometimes lands on its side, sometimes on its end: SN XV.9
  - Is a difficult path: Dhp 414
  - The preciousness of our human birth: SN XX.2, SN LVI.48
  - See the suttas from the Samyutta Nikaya on the topic of samsara.
  - "Birth and Death," in Straight From the Heart (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
  - The Wheel of Birth and Death (Bhikkhu Khantipalo)
  - Words Leading to Disenchantment: Two Essays (Soma Thera)
  - "The Thirty-One Planes of Existence" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "Samsara Divided by Zero" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Samvega (spiritual urgency; chastened dispassion). See also Death.
  - Danger #1 -- death threatens from all sides: AN V.77
  - Danger #2 -- the conditions for practice may never again be so good: AN V.78
  - Danger #3 -- there may not always be good teachers around: AN V.79
  - Danger #4 -- the Sangha may someday decline: AN V.80
  - Who knows? -- tomorrow, death may come!: MN 131
  - A call to wake up: Sn II.10
  - Death is crashing in on us, like a huge mountain: SN III.25
  - Three urgent duties for meditators: AN III.93
  - "A Single Mind" (Ajaan Fuang)
  - "Affirming the Truths of the Heart: The Buddhist Teachings on Samvega and Pasada" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Samyutta Nikaya.
- Sangha (1. Monastic community; 2. Community of Noble (Awakened) Ones). See also Monastic life; Tiratana (Triple Gem).
  - "Sangha" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - Seven conditions for no decline of the Sangha: AN VII.21
  - Concord in the Sangha: Iti 19
  - Sangha members are dependent on the lay community: Iti 107
  - As one of the ten Recollections: See Recollections, ten.
- Sankhara (mental fashionings, fabrications, or formations). See also Khandha (clinging-aggregates); Paticca-samuppada (dependent co-arising).
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
  - "Fashionings," in Inner Strength (Ajaan Lee)
- Sanyojana (samyojana) (fetter)
  - Listed: AN X.13
- Sañña (perception, naming, labeling). See also Khandha (clinging-aggregates).
  - Four erroneous perceptions that keep us trapped in samsara: AN IV.49
  - Six important aspects of ~ to be understood: AN VI.63
  - Why desire and passion connected with ~ is worth abandoning: SN XXVII.6
- Sati (mindfulness). See also Meditation; Satipatthana.
  - "Right Mindfulness" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - The Buddha praises Ven. Cula Panthaka's mindfulness: Ud V.10
  - Definition of ~: SN XLVIII.10
  - As a quality of a great person: AN VIII.30
  - "The Path of Concentration and Mindfulness" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - The Power of Mindfulness (Nyanaponika Thera)
- Satipatthana (frames of reference/foundations of mindfulness). See also Anapanasati (mindfulness of breathing); Bodhipakkhiya-dhamma; Kayagatasati (mindfulness of the body); Maranasati (mindfulness of death); Sati (mindfulness).
  - "Right Mindfulness" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - See the suttas in the Satipatthana-samyutta of the Samyutta Nikaya
  - As a basis for the development of jhana: AN VIII.63
  - The Foundations of Mindfulness (Nyanasatta Thera)
  - "The Four Frames of Reference," in Things as They Are (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
  - Frames of Reference (Ajaan Lee)
  - Maha-satipatthana Sutta (The Great Discourse on the Four Frames of Reference)
  - Protection Through Satipatthana (Nyanaponika Thera)
  - Satipatthana Vipassana: Insight Through Mindfulness (Mahasi Sayadaw)
  - The Way of Mindfulness: The Satipatthana Sutta and Its Commentary (Soma Thera)
  - The Wings to Awakening: an Anthology from the Pali Canon (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Seclusion -- see Viveka.
- Self-view -- see Sakkaya-ditthi.
- Sensuality. See also Asubha (unattractiveness, loathesomeness); Body; Nekkhamma (renunciation); Pleasure; Restraint; Salayatana (six sense-doors); Sexual identity; Upadana (clinging).
  - As a yoke: AN IV.10
  - As a flood: SN XLV.171
  - The allures and drawbacks of ~: MN 13
  - Dangers of: MN 45
  - What's wrong with sensual pleasures?: SN V.6
  - Like falling into debt: AN VI.45
  - Be careful with ~ as you would a venomous snake: Sn IV.1
  - Clinging to sense-pleasures is a fetter: Ud VII.3
  - Like a fish caught in a trap: Ud VII.4
  - Like a suckling calf dependent on its mother: Ud VII.4
  - Renouncing ~ brings an even higher happiness: Ud III.2
  - Six important aspects of ~ to be understood: AN VI.63
  - The source of ~ lies in the mind's passionate response to sense-objects, not in the objects themselves: AN VI.63
  - Five things that can easily overpower the mind of a woman or man: AN I.1-10
  - "Sensuality," in The Mind Like Fire Unbound (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Separation from what is dear and appealing. See also Dukkha.
  - Study Guide: "Beyond Coping: The Buddha's Teachings on Aging, Illness, Death, and Separation"
- Sexual identity.
  - Dwelling on one's ~ is counterproductive to meditation: SN V.2
  - Obsessing over one's ~ causes only suffering: AN VII.48
  - "What were the Buddha's views on homosexuality?" (Frequently-Asked Question)
- Sexual intercourse. See also Sensuality; Sexual identity.
  - ~ is to be abandoned: AN IV.159
- Sexual misconduct. See also Precepts; Sila.
  - As a cause of one's downfall: Dhp 309
- Shame (moral) -- see Hiri.
- Sickness -- see Illness.
- Sila (virtue; morality). See also Gradual instruction; Manners; Paramis; Precepts; Uposatha.
  - If you truly care about your welfare, then develop your inner goodness: SN III.4
  - As the foundation upon which the entire path is built: AN XI.1, AN XI.2
  - As one of the ten Recollections: see Recollections, ten.
  - As a treasure: AN VII.6
  - Guard your virtue well: Iti 76
  - The Buddha's instructions to his young son: MN 61
  - Admirable virtue: Iti 97
  - How to recognize a virtuous person: AN IV.192, Ud VI.2
  - How to recognize a wise person: AN III.2
  - The layperson's code of conduct: DN 31
  - Development of ~ as a way to ease the inevitable bad results of one's past bad deeds: SN XLII.8
  - Results of transgressing the precepts: AN VIII.40
  - Rewards of observing the precepts: AN VIII.39
  - Standards of ~ for contemplatives: DN 2
  - Claiming that one is enlightened does not justify unrestrained behavior: MN 105
  - Heightened ~ (adhisila): AN III.90
  - The benefits of morality
  - The blessings of morality
  - The precepts as a fivefold faultless gift to oneself and others
  - "Right Speech" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "Right Action" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "Right Livelihood" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - The Craft of the Heart (Ajaan Lee)
  - "The Healing Power of the Precepts" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - Nourishing the Roots: Essays on Buddhist Ethics (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
  - Violence and Disruption in Society (Elizabeth J. Harris)
  - "Virtue" (Ajaan Mun)
- Simplicity.
  - As a quality of a great person: AN VIII.30
- Sleep. See also Sloth and Drowsiness (thina-middha).
  - How to get a good night's ~: SN X.8, AN III.35, AN XI.16, Dhp 79, Dhp 168
- Sleepiness -- see Sloth and Drowsiness (thina-middha).
- Sloth and Drowsiness (thina-middha). See also Nivarana (hindrances); Sleep; Viriya (effort).
  - Prescription for dealing with drowsiness in meditation: AN VII.58
  - The eight grounds for laziness: AN VIII.80
  - Excuses: "It's too cold to meditate. It's too hot... It's too...": Thag III.5
  - As an obstruction to Awakening: Iti 34
- Smile, what makes the Buddha ~: AN V.180, Thag XII.2
- Social Action.
  - The Buddha attends to a neglected sick monk: Mv VIII.26.1-8
  - How a layperson can best work for the welfare of others: AN VIII.26
  - Buddhism and Social Action (Ken Jones)
  - Violence and Disruption in Society (Elizabeth J. Harris)
- Solitude -- see Viveka.
- Speech. See also Listening; Noble silence; Right Speech in Noble Eightfold Path.
  - "Right Speech" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - The criteria for determining whether something should be said: MN 58
  - Five aspects of suitable ~: MN 21
  - Five keys to blameless speech: AN V.198
  - Four ways to answer questions: AN IV.42
  - Lying is to be avoided: Iti 25
  - Sensual desire is usually the motive behind telling lies: SN III.7
  - The nature of well-spoken ~: Sn III.3
  - The results of various kinds of wrong ~: AN VIII.40
  - Right ~ does not mean total frankness or openness: AN IV.183
  - Ten topics of proper conversation: AN X.69
  - Either speak Dhamma, or keep noble silence: Ud II.2
  - "Right Speech" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Sri Lanka.
  - Buddhist Ceremonies and Rituals of Sri Lanka (A.G.S. Kariyawasam)
- Stream-entry (Sotapatti). See also Nibbana; Lay Buddhist Practice (for examples of lay stream-winners).
  - Better than becoming king of the world or going to heaven: Dhp 178
  - Upon ~, one does away with a vast amount of suffering: SN XIII.1, SN XIII.2, SN XIII.8
  - Like a thirsty traveler looking into a well: SN XII.68
  - How to recognize a lay stream-winner: AN V.179
  - What it takes for a layperson to become a stream-winner: AN X.92
  - How to recognize -- and become -- a person of integrity: MN 110
  - Study Guide: "Stream Entry"
- Suicide. See also Death.
  - Sappadasa chooses life: Thag VI.6
- Supranormal powers.
  - Is the development of ~ a prerequisite for enlightenment?: SN XII.70
  - Clairaudience: DN 2, DN 11
  - Ending of the taints/effluents (asava): DN 2,DN 11
  - Mind-reading: DN 2, DN 11, AN III.61
  - Passing away and reappearance of beings: DN 2, DN 11
  - Recollection of past lives: DN 2, DN 11
  - As a miracle: AN III.61
  - As fruit of five-factored noble concentration: AN V.28
  - Drawbacks of ~: DN 11
  - Beware: you can't hide from those with ~: AN III.40
  - "The Four Bases of Power" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "Knowledge" (Ajaan Lee)
- Sutta Pitaka.
  - How to read a sutta: "Befriending the Suttas" (JB)

## T

- Taints -- see Asava.
- Tanha (craving). See also Kilesa (defilements); Paticca-samuppada (dependent co-arising); Sensuality.
  - "Craving" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - "The 2nd Noble Truth" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
  - As a fetter: Iti 15
  - Abandoning ~ for what one holds dear: Sn V.8
  - See the verses in the Dhammapada on craving.
  - Why desire and passion connected with ~ is worth abandoning: SN XXVII.8
- Teaching the Dhamma. See also Kalyanamittata.
  - Ven. Isidatta wisely declines an invitation from his elders to become a teacher: SN XLI.3
  - How to teach Dhamma: AN IV.111
  - A skilled teacher is like a ferry-man: Sn II.8
  - Dhamma should not be taught for the purpose of material reward: AN V.159
  - Five prerequisites to teaching the Dhamma to others: AN V.159
  - How to recognize authentic teachings: AN III.73, AN VII.80, AN VIII.53, Recognizing the Dhamma (Study Guide)
  - How to choose -- and learn from -- a teacher: MN 95
  - How to recognize a teacher: AN IV.192
  - Three kinds of Dhamma teachers: DN 12
  - Dhamma teaching compared to medical treatment: AN III.22
  - The Buddha asks who is his teacher: Dhp 353
  - Teacher of the Devas (Susan Elbaum Jootla)
- Technical Notes (JTB)
- Tevijja (Threefold knowledge realized by the Buddha during his Awakening). See also Buddha.
  - Descriptions of ~: MN 19, MN 125
  - What makes one a true brahman: Iti 99
  - Various monks and nuns realize the ~: SN XXXV.88 (Ven. Punna), AN VIII.30 (Ven. Anuruddha), Thag V.1 (Ven. Rajadatta), Thag VI.6 (Ven. Sappadasa), Thag VII.1 (Ven. Sundara Samudda), Thig V.11 (Ven. Sister Patacara), Thig V.12 (Ven. Sister Canda), Ud III.3 (500 monks)
  - "The Buddha's Awakening" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Thai Buddhism.
  - Thai forest traditions
  - "The Customs of the Noble Ones" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - A Chanting Guide: Pali Passages with English Translations (Dhammayut Order)
- Theragatha.
- Theravada Buddhism.
  - What is Theravada Buddhism? (JTB)
  - Theravada Buddhism: A Chronology (JTB)
- Therigatha.
  - Inspiration from Enlightened Nuns (Susan Elbaum Jootla)
- Thinking -- see Thought.
- Thought.
  - Habitual ways of thinking: MN 19
  - Three kinds of unskillful ~: Iti 87
  - Three kinds of skillful ~: Iti 87
  - Distracting thoughts.
    - How to overcome speculative thinking: SN V.10
    - The Relaxation of Thoughts (Vitakkasanthana Sutta, MN 20)
    - The Removal of Distracting Thoughts (Soma Thera)
- Tilakkhana (the three characteristics of existence). See also Vipassana (insight).
  - See each one individually:
    - Anicca (impermanence)
    - Dukkha (unsatisfactoriness)
    - Anatta (not-self)
  - As marking the path to Awakening: Dhp 277-9
  - As true regardless of the existence of a Buddha: AN III.137
- Tipitaka.
- Tiratana (the Three Gems). See also Refuge.
  - "The Triple Gem" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - Refuge: an Introduction to the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - What is the Triple Gem? (Ajaan Lee)
- Tisarana (the Threefold Refuge).
  - "The Threefold Refuge" in the Path to Freedom pages
- Truthfulness -- see Sacca.

## U

- Unattractiveness -- see Asubha.
- Unbinding -- see Nibbana.
- Universe, origin of -- see Questions not worth asking.
- Upadana (clinging). See also Khandha; Paticca-samuppada (dependent co-arising).
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
  - Atthaka Vagga (The Octet Chapter) -- Sn IV
  - "The Weight of Mountains" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - Chapter III of The Mind Like Fire Unbound (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Upekkha (equanimity). See also Brahmavihara; Paramis,
  - As a factor leading to liberation: AN VI.13
  - Systematic practice of ~: SN XLII.8
  - ~ with respect to the sense faculties: MN 152
  - Three kinds of ~: SN XXXVI.31
  - Practicing ~ as a way to deal with annoying people: AN V.161
  - "Equanimity in Concentration and Discernment" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Uposatha (observance day). See also Sila.
  - "The Eight Precepts" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - How the eight ~ practices are to be practiced: AN VIII.43
  - Right and wrong ways of observing the ~: AN III.71
  - If you choose to observe the ~, do so consistently: AN X.47
  - Calendar of uposatha observance days
  - "Uposatha Sila" (Ñanavara Thera)
  - The Craft of the Heart (Ajaan Lee)

## V

- Vedana (feeling). See also Khandha (clinging-aggregates); Pain; Paticca-samuppada (dependent co-arising).
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
  - Whatever is felt is a form of dukkha: SN XXXVI.11
  - Seeing even pleasurable ~ as stressful: SN XXXVI.5, Iti 53
  - Seeing ~ as not-self: DN 15
  - Three kinds of ~: Iti 52, Iti 53
  - Six important aspects of ~ to be understood: AN VI.63
  - Why desire and passion connected with ~ is worth abandoning: SN XXVII.5
  - See the suttas in the Vedana-samyutta of the Samyutta Nikaya
  - Contemplation of Feeling: The Discourse Grouping on the Feelings (Nyanaponika Thera)
- Vedanta -- see Comparative religions.
- Vegetarianism.
  - "Are Buddhists Vegetarian?" (Frequently-Asked Question)
- Views -- see Ditthi.
- Vimutti (release). See also Awakening.
  - From what is one released?: AN X.81
  - Release through discernment: AN IX.44
  - Released "both ways": AN IX.45
  - The Buddha's question-and-answer session concerning release: Snp ch. 5
  - "Convention and Liberation," in A Taste of Freedom (Ajaan Chah)
  - "Free at Last" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
  - The Mind Like Fire Unbound (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
- Vinaya. See also Monastic Life.
  - Basic principles of: AN VIII.53
  - A monk's duties: Cv VIII
  - How to know if a particular action is allowable: Mv VI.40.1
  - The standards of sila for contemplatives: DN 2
  - The Bhikkhus' Rules -- A Guide for Laypeople: The Theravadin Buddhist Monk's Rules Compiled and Explained (Bhikkhu Ariyesako)
  - The Buddhist Monastic Code, Volume I: The Patimokkha Training Rules Translated and Explained (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - The Buddhist Monastic Code, Volume II: The Khandhaka Rules Translated and Explained (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - An Introduction to the Patimokkha Training Rules (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - The Patimokkha: The Bhikkhus' Code of Discipline
- Viññana (consciousness). See also Khandha (clinging-aggregates); Paticca-samuppada (dependent co-arising).
  - Understanding of ~ as a basis for Right View: MN 9
  - Why desire and passion connected with ~ is worth abandoning: SN XXVII.3
  - Mutual dependence of ~ and name-and-form: SN XII.67
  - "Consciousnesses" (Ajaan Lee)
- Violence -- see Non-violence.
- Vipassana (insight). See also Samatha (tranquillity); Tilakkhana (three characteristics of existence).
  - ~ is developed in tandem with samatha (tranquillity): SN XXXV.205, AN II.29, AN IV.170, AN X.71
  - As direct knowledge of the five aggregates (khandha):
    - Analyzing the five aggregates until their appeal is shattered: SN XXIII.2
    - Developing skill in applying the four noble truths to the five aggregates: SN XXII.56
    - Developing skill in seeing seven qualities in each of the five aggregates: SN XXII.57
    - A contemplation for every meditator, from beginner to arahant: SN XXII.122
    - Like taking apart a lute in search of its sound: SN XXXV.205
  - As direct knowledge of the six sense bases (salayatana): MN 149
  - Reflection on not-self as a basis for insight: SN XXII.59
  - "Is Vipassana the same as Theravada?" (Frequently-Asked Question)
  - Basic Themes (Ajaan Lee)
  - "One Tool Among Many: The Place of Vipassana in Buddhist Practice" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "Stop and Think" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
  - Straight From the Heart (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
  - Things as They Are (Ajaan Maha Boowa)
  - Satipatthana Vipassana: Insight Through Mindfulness (Mahasi Sayadaw)
- Viraga (dispassion).
  - Highest of all Dhammas: Iti 90, Dhp 273
  - The arahant as having gone beyond both passion and ~: Sn IV.4, Sn IV.6, Sn IV.10
  - "At the Tip of Your Nose" in Keeping the Breath in Mind (Ajaan Lee)
  - "Consciousnesses" (Ajaan Lee)
  - Frames of Reference (Ajaan Lee)
- Viriya (effort, energy). See also Paramis; Samvega; Sloth and Drowsiness (thina-middha).
  - "Right Effort" in the Path to Freedom pages
  - Needed for final attainment of truth: MN 95
  - Hey, wake up!: Sn II.10
  - As a quality of a great person: AN VIII.30
- Virtue -- see Sila.
- Visakha puja. See also Uposatha.
  - "Visakha Puja" (Ajaan Lee)
- Viveka (seclusion, solitude). See also Wilderness.
  - True seclusion is found within: SN IX.1, SN XXI.10
  - It's better to be alone than in the company of fools: Dhp 61, Dhp 328-330
  - Delighting in the wilds -- the mark of a wise person: Dhp 305, Dhp 395, Thag III.8
  - "Wander alone, a rhinoceros horn": Sn I.3
  - The monks' way of life in the wilds: Sn III.11, Sn IV.9, Sn IV.16

## W

- Walking meditation. See also Meditation.
  - The Benefits of Walking Meditation (Sayadaw U Silananda)
- War. See also Anger.
  - In war, neither side can ever truly win: SN III.14, SN III.15
  - Only forbearance, never revenge, can bring an end to war: Mv X.2.3-20
  - Hostility can never be conquered with hostility: Dhp 3
- Wealth. See also Money; Dhana (treasures); Puñña (merit, inner wealth); references to Anathapindika in the Index of Proper Names.
  - The ~ of a householder vs. the ~ of one who has lived the renunciate life to its culmination: Sn I.2
  - Downfall caused by stinginess: Sn I.6
  - How ~ should be both shared and enjoyed: SN III.19
  - Actions that lead to the loss of one's material ~: DN 31
  - ~ can't buy true happines: AN X.47
  - Focusing on material gain leads one away from Nibbana: Dhp 75
  - Five skillful ways of using one's ~: AN V.41
  - How a family can preserve its ~: AN IV.255
  - How to safeguard one's material ~: AN VIII.54
  - Relative value of material and spiritual ~: Ud II.2
  - The bliss that arises from using ~ wisely: AN IV.62
  - Few are those who don't get intoxicated by ~: SN III.6
  - Contentment is the greatest ~: Dhp 204
  - "Trading Outer Wealth for Inner Wealth" in Food for Thought (Ajaan Lee)
- Wedding -- see Marriage.
- Well, parable of the: Ud VII.9
- Wilderness. See also Forest traditions; Viveka (seclusion, solitude).
  - Where ardent meditators prefer to dwell: Dhp 99, Dhp 305, Dhp 395
  - Mountains, forests, and grasslands: Dhp 188, Thag I.41, Thag I.113, Thag III.5, Thag XIX, Thig III.3
  - As a suitable place for meditation: DN 12, DN 22, MN 118, MN 119, SN XI.3, AN V.76, etc.
  - As a place to sleep at ease: AN III.35
  - What can one possibly accomplish by living in the forest, just meditating?: SN VII.17
  - In the wilderness, the Buddha comes face-to-face with his fear: MN 4
  - In the wilderness, the Buddha shows by example how best to handle physical pain: SN I.38, SN IV.13
  - Wandering like a wild deer: Snp I.3
  - ~ is for those not seeking sensual delight: Dhp 99
  - The Buddha exhorts others to seek out ~: AN V.114
  - The hazards of the ~ as an incentive to meditate: AN V.77
  - Proper attitude for living with hardship in the ~: Thag III.8, Thag V.8
  - Why do those who live in the forest look so happy?: SN I.9
  - Craving follows you, even into the wilderness: SN XXXV.63
  - A lonely monk briefly considers leaving the forest: SN IX.9
  - An early example of "wilderness poetry": Thag XVIII
  - Ven. Maha Kassapa's life in the forest: Thag XVIII
  - Why Ven. Maha Kassapa chose to live in the forest: SN XVI.5
  - Why Ajaan Lee chose to live in the forest: in The Autobiography of Phra Ajaan Lee
  - "The Customs of the Noble Ones" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - See the teachings from the Thai forest traditions
- Wings to Awakening -- see Bodhipakkhiya-dhamma.
- Wisdom -- see Pañña.
- Wise reflection -- see Yoniso manasikara.
- Women and Buddhism. See also the names of individual nuns ("So-and-so, Ven. Sister") in the Index of Proper Names.
  - The thought, "Women can't attain Awakening" is not to be believed: SN V.2
  - Bhikkhuni-samyutta -- stories concerning nuns and their battles with Mara (from the Samyutta Nikaya)
  - Verses of the Elder Nuns (Therigatha)
  - Discourses of the Ancient Nuns (Bhikkhu Bodhi, trans.)
  - Inspiration from Enlightened Nuns (Susan Elbaum Jootla)
  - The Position of Women in Buddhism (Dr. (Mrs.) L.S. Dewaraja)
  - Buddhist Women at the Time of the Buddha (Hellmuth Hecker)
  - "(Upasika) Kee Nanayon and the Social Dynamic of Theravadin Buddhist Practice" (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)
  - "Question & Answers (3): The Bhikkhuni Sangha in A Fistful of Sand (Ajaan Suwat)
- Work, monastics'. See also Monastic life.
  - Do contemplatives do any useful work? (various answers): SN VII.17; Thig XIII.2; Sn I.4.
- World, origin of -- see Questions not worth asking.
- Worship -- see Devotion.

## XYZ

- Yoniso manasikara (appropriate attention). See also the first six of the Ten Recollections; Questions.
  - A remedy for a mind consumed by unskillful thoughts: SN IX.11
  - As an important quality to develop: Iti 16
  - As a means to ending the asava: MN 2
  - "The Seven Factors for Awakening" in The Wings to Awakening (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)

Revised: Tue 16 April 2002